NURS 6501N Alterations in Cellular Processes Discussion Paper Example
NURS 6501N Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes Assignment
NURS 6501N Alterations in Cellular Processes Discussion Paper Assignment Brief
Course: NURS 6501N – Advanced Pathophysiology
Assignment Title: NURS 6501N Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes
Assignment Instructions Overview
This assignment focuses on understanding cellular processes and how alterations in these processes can lead to disease. By examining cellular behavior and the impact of the genetic environment, students will gain insights into disease mechanisms and the physiological responses involved. This week’s discussion will involve analyzing a case study, identifying the disease, and understanding the underlying cellular alterations.
Understanding Assignment Objectives
The objectives of this assignment are to:
- Evaluate cellular processes and the alterations within these processes.
- Assess the impact of genetic environments on the manifestation and progression of diseases.
These objectives aim to develop a deeper understanding of pathophysiology and the role of genetics in health and disease, which is crucial for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in diagnosing and managing patient care.
The Student’s Role
As a student, you are required to:
- Analyze the assigned case study to identify the disease based on presented symptoms.
- Explain the genetic factors involved in the disease.
- Discuss the patient’s symptoms and their physiological basis.
- Identify the specific cells and cellular processes affected.
- Consider how other factors (e.g., gender, additional genetic variations) could influence the disease process.
Your analysis should be supported by literature and presented in a clear, concise manner. Participation in peer discussions will enhance your understanding through different perspectives and collaborative learning.
Competencies Measured
This assignment will measure the following competencies:
- Analytical skills in evaluating cellular processes and genetic impacts.
- Critical thinking in connecting symptoms to underlying cellular alterations.
- Ability to articulate complex biological processes in a clear and professional manner.
- Engagement in academic discussions to explore diverse viewpoints and deepen understanding.
You Can Also Check Other Related Assessments for the NURS 6501N – Advanced Pathophysiology Course:
NURS 6501N Week 2 Altered Physiology Assignment: Case Study Analysis Example
NURS 6501N Week 4 Case Study Analysis Assignment Example
NURS 6501N Week 5: Knowledge Check Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders Assignment Example
NURS 6501 Week 10 Assignment – Case study, STDs and Infertility Assignment Example
NURS 6501N Alterations in Cellular Processes Discussion Paper Example
Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
Scenario: Patient History of Substance Abuse and Naloxone Administration
Disease Explanation:
The patient in the provided scenario is likely experiencing opioid overdose, which is evident by the administration of naloxone and the patient’s subsequent responsiveness. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses the effects of opioid overdose by binding to opioid receptors, displacing opioids, and restoring normal respiration and consciousness (Rzasa Lynn & Galinkin, 2018).
Role of Genetics in the Disease:
Genetics significantly influence the risk and progression of opioid addiction and overdose. Genetic variations in opioid receptors, such as the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), can affect an individual’s susceptibility to opioid dependence and response to treatment. Certain polymorphisms in the OPRM1 gene are associated with increased or decreased sensitivity to opioids, impacting addiction risk and the efficacy of naloxone in reversing overdose (Chiasson-Downs, 2018).
Presentation of Symptoms:
The patient presents with symptoms of unresponsiveness due to severe opioid intoxication. Opioids act on the central nervous system, causing respiratory depression, sedation, and loss of consciousness. The burning pain over the left hip and forearm suggests possible muscle injury, which could be related to rhabdomyolysis, a condition where muscle tissue breaks down and releases myoglobin into the bloodstream. This can occur due to prolonged immobilization or the direct toxic effects of substances like opioids and other drugs (Nance & Mammen, 2015).
Physiologic Response to Naloxone:
Naloxone administration leads to a rapid physiological response by competitively inhibiting opioid receptors, particularly the μ-opioid receptors. This displacement of opioids from the receptors restores normal respiratory function and consciousness. The quick response to naloxone confirms opioid toxicity as the cause of the patient’s symptoms (Rzasa Lynn & Galinkin, 2018).
Cells Involved in the Process:
The primary cells involved are the neurons with μ-opioid receptors in the central nervous system. These receptors mediate the effects of opioids, including analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and sedation. Muscle cells are also involved, particularly in cases of rhabdomyolysis, where muscle cell damage releases intracellular contents into the bloodstream, leading to potential kidney damage if not treated promptly (D’Arcy, 2019).
Impact of Another Characteristic (Genetics):
If the patient had a genetic variation that provides protection against opioid addiction, such as a specific polymorphism in the OPRM1 gene, they might have a lower risk of developing dependence and experiencing severe overdose. Conversely, genetic predispositions to opioid sensitivity or addiction could increase the likelihood of overdose and complications, necessitating careful management and potentially higher doses of naloxone for effective reversal (Chiasson-Downs, 2018).
References
Chiasson-Downs, K. (2018, April 24). Why genetics makes some people more vulnerable to opioid addiction – and protects others. Retrieved from The Conversation
D’Arcy, M. S. (2019). Cell death: a review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Cell Biology International, 43(6), 582-592.
Nance, J. R., & Mammen, A. L. (2015). Diagnostic evaluation of rhabdomyolysis. Muscle & Nerve, 51(6), 793-810.
Rzasa Lynn, R., & Galinkin, J. L. (2018). Naloxone dosage for opioid reversal: current evidence and clinical implications. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 9(1), 63-88.
Detailed Assessment Instructions for the NURS 6501N Alterations in Cellular Processes Discussion Paper Assignment
Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
One of the more common biology analogies refers to cells as the “building blocks” of life. This rightfully places an emphasis on understanding cells, cellular behavior, and the impact of the environment in which they function.
Such an understanding helps explain how healthy cell activity contributes to good health. Just as importantly, it helps explain how breakdowns in cellular behavior and alterations to cells lead to health issues.
This week, you examine cellular processes that are subject to alterations that can lead to disease. You evaluate the genetic environments within which these processes exist as well as the impact these environments have on disease.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
- Evaluate cellular processes and alterations within cellular processes
- Evaluate the impact of the genetic environment on disease
Learning Resources
Required Readings
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
- Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
- Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents (pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review
- Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases
- Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
- Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review
- Chapter 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
- Chapter 8: Adaptive Immunity (stop at Generation of clonal diversity); Summary Review
- Chapter 9: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation (stop at Deficiencies in immunity); Summary Review
- Chapter 10: Infection (pp. 289–303; stop at Infectious parasites and protozoans); (start at HIV); Summary Review
- Chapter 11: Stress and Disease (stop at Stress, illness & coping); Summary Review
- Chapter 12: Cancer Biology (stop at Resistance to destruction); Summary Review
- Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology (stop at Environmental-Lifestyle factors); Summary Review
Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/
Credit Line: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. (2019, June 18). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/. Used with permission of Stat Pearls
Required Media
Module 1 Overview with Dr. Tara Harris
Dr. Tara Harris reviews the structure of Module 1 as well as the expectations for the module. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources throughout the module to prepare for your Discussion and Assignment. (4m)
Immunity and Inflammation
Khan Academy (2010, February 24). Inflammatory response | Human anatomy and physiology | Health & medicine [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXSuEIMrPQk
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 14 minutes.
Soo, P. (2018, July 28). Pathophysiology Ch 10 alterations in immune function [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0wx1-jTds
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 37 minutes.
Acid-Base Balance #1
MedCram. (2012, April 28). Medical acid base balance, disorders & ABGs explained clearly [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wMEMhvrQxE
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 13 minutes.
Acid-Base Balance #2
MedCram. (2012, April 29). Medical acid base balance, disorders & ABGs explained clearly | 2 of 8 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmEeKVTpOKI
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 15 minutes.
Hyponatremia
MedCram. (2017, December 23). Hyponatremia explained clearly (remastered) – Electrolyte imbalances [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLajK5Vy55M
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 15 minutes.
Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 3, 7, and 8 that relate to alterations in immunity, hyponatremia, and acid/base balance.
Note: To access the online resources included with the text, you need to complete the FREE online registration that is located at https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/store?role=student
To Register to View the Content
- Go to https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/store?role=student
- Enter the name of the textbook, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, or ISBN 9780323654395 (name of text without the edition number) in the Search textbox.
- Complete the registration process.
To View the Content for This Text
- Go to https://evolve.elsevier.com/
- Click on Student Site.
- Type in your username and password.
- Click on the Login button.
- Click on the plus sign icon for Resources on the left side of the screen.
- Click on the name of the textbook for this course.
- Expand the menu on the left to locate all the chapters.
- Navigate to the desired content (checklists, videos, animations, etc.).
Note: Clicking on the URLs in the APA citations for the Resources from the textbook will not link directly to the desired online content. Use the online menu to navigate to the desired content.
Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes
At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.
Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.
To prepare:
- By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
By Day 3 of Week 1
Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:
- The role genetics plays in the disease.
- Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
- The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
- The cells that are involved in this process.
- How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
By Day 6 of Week 1
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not
Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!
Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Week 1 Discussion Rubric
Post by Day 3 of Week 1 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1
To Participate in this Discussion:
Week 1 Discussion
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