NURS 6501N Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Case Study Analysis Example
NURS 6501 Week 10 Assignment – Case study, STDs and Infertility Assignment
NURS 6501N Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Case Study Analysis Assignment Brief
Course: NURS 6501N – Advanced Pathophysiology
Assignment Title: NURS 6501 Week 10 Assignment – Case study, STDs and Infertility
Assignment Instructions Overview
The purpose of this assignment is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological differences between women’s and men’s health, the implications of infections, and the various hematologic disorders. Through the analysis of a case study, students will explore these concepts, applying critical thinking to interpret symptoms and laboratory results. This analysis will help in forming accurate diagnoses and effective treatment plans, considering both biological and patient-specific variables.
Understanding Assignment Objectives
This assignment aims to evaluate students’ understanding of the fundamental concepts of women’s and men’s health, common infections, and hematologic disorders. It focuses on analyzing the pathophysiological processes across different stages of life and how they are affected by gender, ethnicity, and other patient characteristics. The objective is to equip students with the knowledge necessary to communicate effectively with patients and to develop tailored treatment plans that address individual health needs.
The Student’s Role
Students are required to analyze a given case study, identify key symptoms, and interpret relevant laboratory results. The analysis should consider factors affecting fertility, reasons for elevated inflammatory markers in sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease, causes of prostatitis and systemic reactions, rationale behind splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and the various types of anemia. Students should demonstrate a thorough understanding of these concepts and provide evidence-based explanations to support their analyses.
Competencies Measured
This assignment measures the following competencies:
- Pathophysiological Analysis: Ability to analyze and interpret the pathophysiological processes of health disorders.
- Gender-Specific Health Issues: Understanding the differences in health disorders between men and women.
- Infection and Inflammatory Response: Knowledge of the mechanisms behind infections and the body’s inflammatory responses.
- Hematologic Disorders: Insight into the causes and implications of various hematologic disorders.
- Patient-Specific Considerations: Ability to consider patient characteristics such as age, gender, and ethnicity in the diagnosis and treatment of health disorders.
You Can Also Check Other Related Assessments for the NURS 6501N – Advanced Pathophysiology Course:
NURS 6501N Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes Assignment Example
NURS 6501N Week 2 Altered Physiology Assignment: Case Study Analysis Example
NURS 6501N Week 4 Case Study Analysis Assignment Example
NURS 6501N Week 5: Knowledge Check Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders Assignment Example
NURS 6501N Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Case Study Analysis Example
NURS 6501N Module 7 Assignment: Week 10: Concepts of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Case Study Analysis
Introduction
The presented case study involves a 32-year-old female who exhibits symptoms suggestive of a severe infection, possibly pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The analysis will explore factors affecting fertility related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the rise of inflammatory markers in STD/PID, the etiology of prostatitis and infection, the rationale for splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and the various forms of anemia.
Factors Affecting Fertility (STDs)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are significant contributors to infertility in women. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common STDs associated with infertility. These infections can ascend from the lower genital tract to the upper genital tract, causing PID. PID can result in inflammation and scarring of the fallopian tubes, leading to tubal factor infertility. Studies indicate that 10-15% of women with untreated chlamydia will develop PID, which in turn can lead to chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility (Tsevat et al., 2017).
Inflammatory Markers in STD/PID
Inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are elevated in PID due to the body’s immune response to infection. The presence of pathogens in the reproductive tract triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to increased production of these markers. Elevated WBC indicates an active infection, ESR reflects the rate of red blood cell sedimentation influenced by fibrinogen and other acute-phase reactants, and CRP is a marker of acute inflammation produced by the liver in response to cytokines (McCance & Huether, 2019).
Prostatitis and Infection: Causes and Systemic Reaction
Prostatitis often results from bacterial infection, including Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. The infection can ascend from the urethra or the bladder to the prostate gland. Systemic reactions occur as the body’s immune system responds to the infection, releasing inflammatory mediators that cause fever, chills, and other systemic symptoms. Prostatitis may also result in localized pain, urinary symptoms, and sometimes sepsis if the infection spreads (Krivan et al., 2017).
Splenectomy in ITP
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by immune-mediated destruction of platelets, primarily occurring in the spleen. Splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, is considered when other treatments fail. The spleen is a major site of platelet destruction and antibody production against platelets. Removing the spleen reduces platelet destruction, thereby increasing platelet counts and reducing the risk of bleeding complications (Chaturvedi, Arnold, & McCrae, 2018).
Anemia and Its Types
Anemia is defined by a reduction in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin concentration. It is classified into three main types: microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic anemia. Microcytic anemia, characterized by small RBCs, often results from iron deficiency or thalassemia. Patients exhibit symptoms such as pallor, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Normocytic anemia involves normal-sized RBCs that are fewer in number, typically resulting from chronic disease or acute blood loss. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pallor. Macrocytic anemia, characterized by larger than normal RBCs, usually results from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Symptoms include glossitis, neurological disturbances, and fatigue (Weiss, Ganz, & Goodnough, 2019).
Conclusion
This case study highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between infections and reproductive health, the significance of inflammatory markers in diagnosing infections, the systemic implications of bacterial infections, and the rationale behind specific treatments for hematologic disorders. A comprehensive understanding of these factors aids in accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and improved patient outcomes.
References
Chaturvedi, S., Arnold, D. M., & McCrae, K. R. (2018). Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out. Blood Journal, 131(11), 1172-1182.
Krivan, G., Jolles, S., Granados, E. L., Paolantonacci, P., Ouaja, R., Cissé, O. A., & Bernatowska, E. (2017). New insights in the use of immunoglobulins for the management of immune deficiency (PID) patients. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 6(5), 76.
McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Tsevat, D. G., Wiesenfeld, H. C., Parks, C., & Peipert, J. F. (2017). Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 216(1), 1-9.
Weiss, G., Ganz, T., & Goodnough, L. T. (2019). Anemia of inflammation. Blood Journal, 133(1), 40-50.
Detailed Assessment Instructions for the NURS 6501N Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Case Study Analysis Assignment
Week 10: Concepts of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
Literature, cinema, and other cultural references have long examined differences between women and men. These observations extend well beyond obvious and even inconspicuous traits to include cultural, behavioral, and biological differences that can impact pathophysiological process and, ultimately, health.
Understanding these differences in traits and their impact on pathophysiology can better equip acute care nurses to communicate to patients of both sexes. Furthermore, APRNs who are able to communicate these differences can better guide care to patients, whatever their gender.
This week, you examine fundamental concepts of women’s and men’s health disorders. You also explore common infections and hematologic disorders, and you apply the key terms and concepts that help communicate the pathophysiological nature of these issues to patients.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
- Analyze concepts and principles of pathophysiology across the life span
- Analyze processes related to women’s and men’s health, infections, and hematologic disorders
- Identify racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning
- Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology
Learning Resources
Required Readings
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
- Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems (stop at Tests of reproductive function); Summary Review
- Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System (stop at Organ prolapse); pp. 787–788 (start at Impaired fertility) (stop at Disorders of the female breast); Summary Review
- Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System (stop at Hormone levels); Summary Review
- Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections, including Summary Review
- Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematological System (stop at Clinical evaluation of the hematological system); Summary Review
- Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function, including Summary Review
- Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function, including Summary Review
Low, N. & Broutet N. J. (2017). Sexually transmitted infections – Research priorities for new challenges. PLoS Medicine, (12), e1002481
Kessler, C. M. (2019). Immune thrombocytopenic purpura [LK1] (ITP). Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202158-overview
Nagalia, S. (2019). Pernicious anemia[LK1] . Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204930-overview#a3
Stauder, R., Valent, P., & Theurl, I. [LK1] (2019). Anemia at older age: Etiologies, clinical implications and management. Blood Journal, 131(5). Retrieved from http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/131/5/505?sso-checked=true
Credit Line: Anemia at older age: Etiologies, clinical implications and management by Stauder, R., Valent, P., & Theurl, I., in Blood Journal, Vol. 131/Issue 5. Copyright 2019 by American Society of Hematology. Reprinted by permission of American Society of Hematology via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Document: NURS 6501 Final Exam Review (PDF document)
Note: Use this document to help you as you review for your Final Exam in Week 11.
Required Media
Module 7 Overview with Dr. Tara Harris
Dr. Tara Harris reviews the structure of Module 7 as well as the expectations for the module. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources throughout the module to prepare for your Knowledge Check and your Assignment. (3m)
Khan Academy. (2019a). Chronic disease vs iron deficiency anemia[LK1] . Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/hematologic-system-diseases-2/iron-deficiency-anemia-and-anemia-of-chronic-disease/v/chronic-disease-vs-iron-deficiency-anemia
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 5 minutes.
Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 24, 26, 28, and 30 that relate to the reproductive and hematological systems. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at https://evolve.elsevier.com/
Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders
In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.
Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:
-
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Prostate
- Epididymitis
- Factors that affect fertility
- Reproductive health
- Alterations and fertility
- Anemia
- ITP and TTP
- DIC
- Thrombocytopeni
Complete the Knowledge Check By Day 7 of Week 10
To complete this Knowledge Check:
Module 7 Knowledge Check
Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
An understanding of the factors surrounding women’s and men’s health, infections, and hematologic disorders can be critically important to disease diagnosis and treatment in these areas. This importance is magnified by the fact that some diseases and disorders manifest differently based on the sex of the patient.
Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond the human systems involved. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact..
An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in systems based on these characteristics is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
A 32-year-old female presents to the ED with a chief complaint of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and vaginal discharge. She states these symptoms started about 3 days ago, but she thought she had the flu. She has begun to have LLQ pain and notes bilateral lower back pain. She denies dysuria, foul-smelling urine, or frequency. States she is married and has sexual intercourse with her husband. PMH negative. Labs: CBC-WBC 18, Hgb 16, Hct 44, Plat 325, Neuts & Lymphs, sed rate 46 mm/hr, C-reactive protein 67 mg/L CMP wnl Vital signs T 103.2 F Pulse 120 Resp 22 and PaO2 99% on room air. Cardio-respiratory exam WNL with the exception of tachycardia but no murmurs, rubs, clicks, or gallops. Abdominal exam + for LLQ pain on deep palpation but no rebound or rigidity. Pelvic exam demonstrates copious foul-smelling green drainage with reddened cervix and + bilateral adenexal tenderness. + chandelier sign. Wet prep in ER + clue cells and gram stain in ER + gram negative diplococci.
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:
- The factors that affect fertility (STDs).
- Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID.
- Why prostatitis and infection happens. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction.
- Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP.
- Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic).
Day 7 of Week 10
Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10
Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:
- Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
- Click the Module 7 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
- Click the Module 7 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
- Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
- If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
- Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Module 7 Assignment Rubric
Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity
To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:
Submit your Module 7 Assignment draft and review the originality report.
Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10
To participate in this Assignment:
Module 7 Assignment
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