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NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan Assignment Example

Assignment Brief: NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan

Assignment Overview:

The NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan assignment tasks students with formulating a detailed care coordination plan for a patient. This assessment explores patient-centered care, ethical dimensions, collaboration with community resources, and adherence to healthcare policies.

Assignment Objectives:

Students are tasked with assuming the role of a healthcare professional to craft a comprehensive care coordination plan. Objectives include developing a holistic plan, integrating ethical considerations, collaborating with community resources, understanding health policies, and ensuring patient satisfaction while aligning with broader health goals.

The Student’s Role:

The student assumes the role of a healthcare professional entrusted with crafting a care coordination plan. Drawing on knowledge about effective care, ethical considerations, and healthcare policies, the student will develop a comprehensive and practical plan.

Detailed Assessment Instructions for the NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan Assignment

• For this assessment, you will evaluate the preliminary care coordination plan you developed in Assessment 1 using best practices found in the literature.

Introduction

NOTE: You are required to complete this assessment after Assessment 1 is successfully completed.

Care coordination is the process of providing a smooth and seamless transition of care as part of the health continuum. Nurses must be aware of community resources, ethical considerations, policy issues, cultural norms, safety, and the physiological needs of patients. Nurses play a key role in providing the necessary knowledge and communication to ensure seamless transitions of care. They draw upon evidence-based practices to promote health and disease prevention to create a safe environment conducive to improving and maintaining the health of individuals, families, or aggregates within a community. When provided with a plan and the resources to achieve and maintain optimal health, patients benefit from a safe environment conducive to healing and a better quality of life.

This assessment provides an opportunity to research the literature and apply evidence to support what communication, teaching, and learning best practices are needed for a hypothetical patient with a selected health care problem.

You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health: Cultural Competence activity prior to completing this assessment. Completing course activities before submitting your first attempt has been shown to make the difference between basic and proficient assessment.

Preparation

In this assessment, you will evaluate the preliminary care coordination plan you developed in Assessment 1 using best practices found in the literature.

To prepare for your assessment, you will research the literature on your selected healthcare problem. You will describe the priorities that a care coordinator would establish when discussing the plan with a patient and family members. You will identify changes to the plan based upon EBP and discuss how the plan includes elements of Healthy People 2030.

Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your plan to Smarthinking Tutoring for feedback, before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24-48 hours for receiving feedback.

Instructions

Note: You are required to complete Assessment 1 before this assessment.

For this assessment:

• Build on the preliminary plan, developed in Assessment 1, to complete a comprehensive care coordination plan.

Document Format and Length

Build on the preliminary plan document you created in Assessment 1. Your final plan should be a scholarly APA-formatted paper, 6 pages in length, not including title page and reference list.

Supporting Evidence

Support your care coordination plan with peer-reviewed articles, course study resources, and Healthy People 2030 resources. Cite at least three credible sources.

Grading Requirements

The requirements, outlined below, correspond to the grading criteria in the Final Care Coordination Plan Scoring Guide, so be sure to address each point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

• Design patient-centered health interventions and timelines for a selected health care problem.

2. Address three health care issues.
3. Design an intervention for each health issue.
4. Identify three community resources for each health intervention.

. Consider ethical decisions in designing patient-centered health interventions.

3. Consider the practical effects of specific decisions.
4. Include the ethical questions that generate uncertainty about the decisions you have made.

. Identify relevant health policy implications for the coordination and continuum of care.

4. Cite specific health policy provisions.

. Describe priorities that a care coordinator would establish when discussing the plan with a patient and family member, making changes based upon evidence-based practice.

5. Clearly explain the need for changes to the plan.

. Use the literature on evaluation as a guide to compare learning session content with best practices, including how to align teaching sessions to the Healthy People 2030 document.

6. Use the literature on evaluation as guide to compare learning session content with best practices.
7. Align teaching sessions to the Healthy People 2030 document.

. Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references, exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

. Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

Additional Requirements

Before submitting your assessment, proofread your final care coordination plan to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your plan.

Portfolio Prompt: Save your presentation to your ePortfolio. Submissions to the ePortfolio will be part of your final Capstone course.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

. Competency 1: Adapt care based on patient-centered and person-focused factors.

9. Design patient-centered health interventions and timelines for a selected health care problem.

. Competency 2: Collaborate with patients and family to achieve desired outcomes.

10. Describe priorities that a care coordinator would establish when discussing the plan with a patient and family member, making changes based upon evidence-based practice.

. Competency 3: Create a satisfying patient experience.

11. Use the literature on evaluation as a guide to compare learning session content with best practices, including how to align teaching sessions to the Healthy People 2030 document.

. Competency 4: Defend decisions based on the code of ethics for nursing.

12. Consider ethical decisions in designing patient-centered health interventions.

. Competency 5: Explain how health care policies affect patient-centered care.

13. Identify relevant health policy implications for the coordination and continuum of care.

. Competency 6: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead patient-centered care.

14. Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references, exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.
15. Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

Resources: Managing Chronic Illnesses

• Read through the following resources to identify the role of care coordination in managing chronic illnesses. Pay close attention to similarities between your community and the patient population.
• Improving Chronic Illness Care. (n.d.). Care coordination: Reducing care fragmentation. http://www.improvingchroniccare.org/index.php?p=Care_Coordination s=326
• Improving Chronic Illness Care. (n.d.). Reducing care fragmentation: A toolkit for coordinating care [PDF]. http://www.improvingchroniccare.org/

Resources: Additional Resources for Further Exploration

• You may use the following optional resource to further explore topics related to the competencies. Consider how health care scientists assess and evaluate a diverse cultural setting and the impact on needed health care.
• Quinn, M., Robinson, C., Forman, J., Krein, S. L., & Rosland, A. M. (2017). Survey instruments to assess patient experiences with access and coordination across health care settings: Available and needed measures. Med Care, 55(Supplement 7 1), S84-S91. http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5509356

NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan Example Assignment

In the initial care coordination plan, stroke was identified as a significant healthcare concern, aiming to devise interventions and establish coordinated care for patients affected by or recovering from strokes, considering the high mortality rate of 5.5 million associated with strokes (Donkor, 2018). The final care coordination plan is designed to create patient-centered healthcare interventions with specific timelines, incorporating evidence from literature for three major health issues: stroke, heart disease, and diabetes in adults.

Stroke and Intervention Design

Stroke, a leading cause of global mortality, has profound effects on the quality of life, impairing speech, mobility, and daily activities, with a risk of recurrence (Mejia et al., 2017). Healthy People 2030 recognizes stroke as an outcome of poor cardiovascular health (Health.gov, 2019), emphasizing the need to address cardiovascular conditions as a secondary key health issue. The coordinated intervention for strokes includes a multimodal approach, considering factors such as patient conditions, cultural aspects, type of stroke, and underlying causes.

The intervention comprises promoting a healthy lifestyle through improved diet and cardiovascular activities, implementing endovascular interventions, conducting neurological workups, and prioritizing urgent carotid interventions within 48 hours for moderate to severe strokes. Education and training for nurses to diagnose and apply suitable interventions, including percutaneous vascular interventions or intravenous thrombolytic treatments, are crucial. The plan incorporates stroke management interventions like the use of antiplatelet and statins and emphasizes the importance of psychosocial, social, and cultural support for successful recovery (Merriman et al., 2019).

Timeline and Resources

The implementation of the plan spans three months, allowing the first month for training and education of nurses and resource provision. Essential community resources include local support associations for stroke survivors, community health workers, and online support through the Internet Stroke Center (Stroke Support Association, 2021).

Cardiovascular Disease and Interventions

Selected due to its high mortality rate and its potential to lead to strokes, cardiovascular disease is a critical focus of the care coordination plan. To prevent and manage cardiovascular disease, the plan integrates diet and lifestyle-based interventions, therapeutic and clinical interventions, and emphasizes interprofessional collaboration to provide patient-centered care.

Diet and lifestyle-based interventions include culture-sensitive nutrition plans, moderate to high-intensity workouts, balanced diets, physician counseling, and BMI tracking. Therapeutic interventions involve stress management, cell-based therapies, stem cell therapies, nanomedicines, meditation, psychological well-being, and lifestyle choices based on individualized plans developed by healthcare professionals (Brandhorst & Longo, 2019).

Timeline and Resources

The implementation of the cardiovascular disease care plan takes three months, involving the creation of dietary plans and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. A subsequent three to six-month evaluation period will assess the effectiveness of the integrated solutions. Community resources include the American Heart Association, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s “Eat for a Healthy Heart” initiative, and local nutritional clubs.

Diabetes and Interventions

Considering the increasing prevalence of diabetes globally, the care coordination plan addresses preventive and management interventions for diabetes, emphasizing its link to cardiovascular conditions. Healthy People 2030 recommends intensive lifestyle interventions with a focus on nutrition and self-management.

The intervention involves patient education, promoting a healthy lifestyle in the community, and implementing culture-based, patient-centered, and socioeconomic-based interventions to reduce obesity and diabetes. The plan collaborates with professionals from diverse fields, including nurses, physicians, nutritionists, to provide comprehensive diabetes self-management education (DSME), covering medication management, self-monitoring, diet, exercise, and appropriate healthcare utilization (Carpenter et al., 2019).

Timeline and Resources

The implementation of the diabetes care plan spans two months, with the first month dedicated to patient education and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. The subsequent phase involves creating and implementing culture-based, patient-centered, and socioeconomic-based interventions. Community resources include the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, local health and nutrition services, and medical clinics.

Ethical Decisions in Designing Patient-Centered Health Interventions

The design and implementation of a final care coordination plan for treating, preventing, and managing health conditions present ethical challenges. Conflicts may arise due to differing patient preferences, evidence availability, and patient well-being. For instance, conflicts in stroke treatment options, the suitability of high-intensity workouts for certain patients, and cultural considerations in diabetes treatment pose ethical decision-making challenges. Addressing these requires an ethical decision-making process grounded in patient-centered, culture-based, high-quality, and affordable care, aligning with ethical principles of respect for persons, nonmaleficence or beneficence, and justice (DeCamp et al., 2017; Lulé et al., 2019).

Identifying Relevant Health Policy Implications for Coordination and Continuum of Care

Healthcare policies and acts play a crucial role in shaping coordinated care plans and the continuum of care. Key policy recommendations identified by the AHRQ, such as population identification, identity protection, service delivery, healthcare access, and cost of care, directly influence the care coordination plan (AHRQ, 2021). Policies like HIPAA ensure patient identity protection, while the Affordable Care Act (ACA) guides recommendations for identified diseases, Medicaid, treatment plans, and cost-effective care. Additionally, policies related to billing management and self-management, as well as telemedicine and telehealth policies, impact patient access to online community resources and organizational service provision while adhering to privacy regulations (Khullar & Chokshi, 2018; Bescos & Westerteicher, 2018).

Priorities for a Care Coordinator

When discussing the care coordination plan, the care coordinator prioritizes patient well-being, quality of care, and safety, aligning with evidence-based practice (Quinn et al., 2017; AHRQ, 2019). Consideration of medical history, cultural factors, and patient wishes or consent are essential aspects. Additionally, cost of care, patient and family education, and empowerment are prioritized to collaborate effectively with patients, families, and healthcare professionals. The urgency for change is highlighted, emphasizing the potential consequences of failing to prevent, treat, and manage health issues, including mortality and morbidity (Zhao et al., 2018).

Evaluating Best Practices and Healthy People 2030

The literature review underscores the interconnectedness of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, emphasizing the need for effective interventions. Evidence-based practices, such as carotid interventions within 48 hours for stroke, are identified as solutions (Morris et al., 2017). Patient-centered care, advocated by Healthy People 2030, emphasizes the adoption of new evidence-based interventions to enhance treatment recovery (Health.gov, 2019). Best practices for stroke involve a combination of interventions addressing psychosocial, social, and cultural aspects, stressing the importance of stress management, carotid interventions, percutaneous vascular interventions, and appropriate medication management (Lindekleiv et al., 2018).

Similarly, cardiovascular disease and diabetes are addressed through nutrition, therapeutic, and clinical interventions, coupled with education and community support. While Healthy People 2030 recognizes these aspects, there is a need for revisions to include telehealth services and culture-based care comprehensively (Health.gov, 2019). Integrating these elements into the 2030 vision will enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of proposed healthcare interventions.

References:

AHRQ. (2019). Care coordination. Ahrq.gov. Retrieved 20 July 2021, from https://www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/care/coordination.html.

AHRQ. (2021). Care management: implications for medical practice, health policy, and health services research. Ahrq.gov. Retrieved 20 July 2021, from https://www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/care/coordination/mgmt.html.

Baatiema, L., de‐Graft Aikins, A., Sarfo, F. S., Abimbola, S., Ganle, J. K., & Somerset, S. (2020). Improving the quality of care for people who had a stroke in a low‐/middle‐income country: A qualitative analysis of health‐care professionals’ perspectives. Health Expectations, 23(2), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13027

Bescos, C., & Westerteicher, C. (2018). Act programme: Breaking the barriers for care coordination and telehealth. International Journal Of Integrated Care, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.1229

Brandhorst, S., & Longo, V. (2019). Dietary restrictions and nutrition in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research, 124(6), 952-965. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.118.313352

Carpenter, R., DiChiacchio, T., & Barker, K. (2019). Interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes: An integrative review. International Journal Of Nursing Sciences, 6(1), 70-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.12.002

CDC. (2021). Heart disease facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 20 July 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm#:~:text=Heart%20Disease%20in%20the%20United%20States&text=One%20person%20dies%20every%2036,United%20States%20from%20cardiovascular%20disease.&text=About%20655%2C000%20Americans%20die%20from,1%20in%20every%204%20deaths.

CDC. (2021). National diabetes statistics report, 2020 | CDC. Cdc.gov. Retrieved 20 July 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html.

de Jesus, J., Kahan, S., & Eckel, R. (2016). Nutrition interventions for cardiovascular disease. Medical Clinics Of North America, 100(6), 1251-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.007

DeCamp, M., Pomerantz, D., Cotts, K., Dzeng, E., Farber, N., & Lehmann, L. et al. (2017). Ethical issues in the design and implementation of population health programs. Journal Of General Internal Medicine, 33(3), 370-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4234-4

Donkor, E. S. (2018). Stroke in the 21st century: a snapshot of the burden, epidemiology, and quality of life. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2018, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3238165

Glazier, R., Bajcar, J., Kennie, N., & Willson, K. (2016). A systematic review of interventions to improve diabetes care in socially disadvantaged populations. Diabetes Care, 29(7), 1675-1688. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc05-1942

Health.gov. (2018). Improve cardiovascular health in adults. Health.gov. Retrieved 20 July 2021, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-disease-and-stroke/improve-cardiovascular-health-adults-hds-01.

Health.gov. (2019). Heart disease and stroke – healthy people 2030 | health.gov. Health.gov. Retrieved 25 July 2021, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-disease-and-stroke.

Health.gov. (2020). Diabetes management: intensive lifestyle interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes – Healthy People 2030 | health.gov. Health.gov. Retrieved 20 July 2021, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/tools-action/browse-evidence-based-resources/diabetes-management-intensive-lifestyle-interventions-patients-type-2-diabetes.

Holt, R. (2020). Healthcare compliance and barriers to the implementation of healthcare IT initiatives across the continuum of care. Journal Of Health Care Financ. Retrieved 25 July 2021, from.

Khaki, A. S., & Tadi, P. (2021). Cerebrovascular disease [Statpearls]. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430927/

Khullar, D., & Chokshi, D. (2018). Can better care coordination lower health care costs?. JAMA Network Open, 1(7), e184295. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4295

Lepard, M., Joseph, A., Agne, A., & Cherrington, A. (2017). Diabetes self-management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes living in rural areas: a systematic literature review. Current Diabetes Reports, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0608-3

Lindekleiv, H., Berge, E., Bruins Slot, K., & Wardlaw, J. (2018). Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd009292.pub2

Lulé, D., Kübler, A., & Ludolph, A. (2019). Ethical principles in patient-centered medical care to support quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Frontiers In Neurology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00259

Ma, C., Avenell, A., Bolland, M., Hudson, J., Stewart, F., & Robertson, C. et al. (2017). Effects of weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, j4849. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4849

Mathews, E., Thomas, E., Absetz, P., D’Esposito, F., Aziz, Z., & Balachandran, S. et al. (2017). Cultural adaptation of a peer-led lifestyle intervention program for diabetes prevention in India: the Kerala diabetes prevention program (K-DPP). BMC Public Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4986-0

Maulik, N. (2013). Cardiovascular diseases: nutritional and therapeutic interventions (1st ed.). CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.

Mejia, A., Leijten, P., Lachman, J., & Parra-Cardona, J. (2017). Different strokes for different folks? contrasting approaches to cultural adaptation of parenting interventions. Prevention Science, 18(6), 630-639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0671-2

Merriman, N., Sexton, E., McCabe, G., Walsh, M., Rohde, D., & Gorman, A. et al. (2019). Addressing cognitive impairment following stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised controlled studies of psychological interventions. BMJ Open, 9(2), e024429. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024429

Morris, D., Ayabe, K., Inoue, T., Sakai, N., Bulbulia, R., Halliday, A., & Goto, S. (2017). Evidence-based carotid interventions for stroke prevention: state-of-the-art review. Journal Of Atherosclerosis And Thrombosis, 24(4), 373-387. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.38745

Quinn, M., Robinson, C., Forman, J., Krein, S., & Rosland, A. (2017). Survey instruments to assess patient experiences with access and coordination across health care settings. Medical Care, 55(Suppl 1), S84-S91. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000000730

Rafnsson, S., & Fowkes, G. (2020). Positive and negative well-being of older adults with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: A population-based investigation. JRSM Cardiovascular Disease, 9, 204800402096171. https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020961717

Stroke Support Association. (2021). Community resources for survivors of stroke – stroke support association. Stroke Support Association. Retrieved 20 July 2021, from https://strokesupportassoc.org/community-resources-for-survivors-of-stroke-2/.

Wafa, H., Wolfe, C., Bhalla, A., & Wang, Y. (2020). Long-term trends in death and dependence after ischaemic strokes: A retrospective cohort study using the South London Stroke Register (SLSR). PLOS Medicine, 17(3), e1003048. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003048

Zhao, D., Liu, J., Wang, M., Zhang, X., & Zhou, M. (2018). Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in China: current features and implications. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 16(4), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-018-0119-4

NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan Assignment Example Two

Effective healthcare systems rely heavily on care coordination, ensuring a smooth transition between different aspects of patient care. The Care Coordination Plan, particularly for individuals with lifestyle diseases, enhances the care coordination process, emphasizing collaboration with community resources to achieve optimal results (Salz & Baxi, 2016). This plan must adhere strictly to federal regulations and ethical guidelines. Building upon the groundwork laid in Assessment 1, this Final Care Coordination Plan addresses stroke patients’ unique needs, considering underlying health issues identified during assessments.

Stroke, a major global cause of mortality and disability, affects both developed and developing countries. In the United States alone, nearly 800,000 people suffer from strokes annually, with 80% preventable through screening and managing risk factors (George et al., 2017). As stroke often coexists with other health issues, the Final Care Coordination Plan addresses the broader health spectrum discovered during assessments.

Patient-Centered Interventions play a pivotal role in stroke care. Shifting from a hospital-centered approach to a patient-centered one places the individual and their family at the core, improving self-management and treatment outcomes (American Stoke Association, 2021). In this case, the patient diagnosed with stroke faces additional challenges, including depression, paranoia, diabetes, anxiety, insomnia, and advisability. Patient-centered care coordination becomes essential for tailored, effective treatment.

Considering the patient’s specific conditions, the plan delves into two primary concerns: cardiovascular complications and depression. Given that more than 70% of stroke patients are diagnosed with diabetes, a leading risk factor, the plan emphasizes healthy behaviors to prevent cardiovascular issues (George et al., 2017; Navi & Iadecola, 2018). Addressing depression, often exacerbated by the stigma associated with stroke, involves patient-focused strategies to shift focus, establish routines, and develop self-management skills (Lappin et al., 2017).

Community Resources are integral to patient-centered care coordination. Collaborating with organizations like the Million Hearts Initiative, National Stroke Association, and American Stroke Association ensures comprehensive support for stroke survivors and their families, aligning with the care coordination plan (National Stroke Association, 2020). These resources provide preventive advice, support networks, and helplines for a holistic approach to stroke care.

Ethics is a cornerstone in patient-centered health interventions, guided by principles like beneficence, fairness, autonomy, and non-maleficence. Adhering to ethical standards, as outlined by the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics, is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in the care coordination process.

Health Policy Implications for Care Continuum and Coordination are evident in government policies like the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicaid. These policies, by increasing healthcare access and coverage, have heightened the importance of care coordination efforts. The Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, a part of the ACA, emphasizes reducing readmission rates, aligning with care coordination goals.

Care Coordination Plan Patient Satisfaction and Healthy People 2030 are key indicators of success. Patient satisfaction ensures the plan’s effectiveness, while Healthy People 2030 guides stroke care coordination by setting objectives for national stroke prevention and treatment.

In conclusion, this Final Care Coordination Plan addresses the multifaceted needs of stroke patients. Ethical considerations, collaboration with community resources, and alignment with health policies contribute to the plan’s effectiveness. Patient-centered interventions and a focus on cardiovascular health, mental well-being, and community resources ensure a comprehensive approach, ultimately improving stroke care outcomes.

References

American Stroke Association. (2021). About stroke. https://www.stroke.org/en/help-and-support

George, M. G., Fischer, L., Koroshetz, W., Bushnell, C., Frankel, M., Foltz, J., & Thorpe, P. G. (2017). CDC grand rounds: public health strategies to prevent and treat strokes. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 66(18), 479.

Lappin, J. M., Darke, S., & Farrell, M. (2017). Stroke and methamphetamine use in young adults: a review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 88(12), 1079-1091.

Navi, B. B., & Iadecola, C. (2018). Ischemic stroke in cancer patients: a review of an underappreciated pathology. Annals of neurology, 83(5), 873-883.

National Stroke Association. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.stroke.org/en/healthy-living/lifestyle-risk-factors/

Salz, T., & Baxi, S. (2016). Moving survivorship care plans forward: focus on care coordination. Cancer medicine, 5(7), 1717-1722.

NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan Assignment Example Three

The participant involved in the care coordination plan session is a 65-year-old woman residing in Houston, Texas. Her existing self-management practices bring attention to three significant health concerns: high blood pressure, type II diabetes, and obesity. Chronic hypertension, prevalent among older adults, poses risks such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and diminished autonomy. Effectively managing hypertension requires adherence to prescribed medications, self-assessment with blood pressure monitors, and lifestyle adjustments tailored to individual assessments, such as moderating caffeine and alcohol intake, quitting smoking, or incorporating age-appropriate exercise.

Type II diabetes, another health concern for the participant, demands careful self-management to avoid complications like neuropathy and vascular damage. Patient education on blood glucose measurement, diabetes literacy improvement through counseling, and adherence to diabetes diet guidelines emerge as effective practices. Research indicates that structured diabetes self-management education contributes to reduced hemoglobin A1c levels and fewer complications, fostering healthier eating habits and lowering mental health risks.

The participant’s weight issue compounds her quality of life, affecting mobility, independence, and cardiovascular health. Weight loss programs, encompassing diets, exercise, or pharmaceutical therapy, show promise in enhancing glycemic control in overweight and obese individuals with type II diabetes. The integration of weight loss programs with counseling by diabetes educators demonstrates improved mental health outcomes compared to standard diabetic diet education.

Patient Needs and Care-Affecting Factors

The participant, recognizing her current health needs, seeks to maintain overall health, enhance eating choices, and optimize self-monitoring practices. The goals emphasize education and awareness, ensuring the effectiveness and safety of her weight loss program for diabetics. Uncertainties may prompt the reevaluation of priorities during ongoing collaboration.

To tailor care to the participant’s unique needs, factors such as chronic health conditions, senior citizenship, autonomy, family support, and cultural preferences must be considered. As a Hispanic woman, her food preferences rooted in her native culture necessitate culturally competent nutritional education that aligns with the traditional Mexican diet.

Community Resources: Educational Services

Diabetes education program covering self-management, dietary choices, medication use, and physical activity (Medical Clinic of Houston, 1701 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005, (713) 520-4774).

Classes on healthy nutrition for various age groups, including older adults (Houston Food Bank, 535 Portwall St., Houston, TX 77029, (713) 223-3700).

Online resources for hypertension education and the Check.Change.Control program for self-monitoring (American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Ave. Dallas, TX 75231, 1-800-242-8721).

References:

Benetos, A., Petrovic, M., & Strandberg, T. (2019). Hypertension management in older and frail older patients. Circulation Research, 124(7), 1045-1060.

Holland-Carter, L., Tuerk, P. W., Wadden, T. A., Fujioka, K. N., Becker, L. E., Miller-Kovach, K.,… Kushner, R. F. (2017). Impact on psychosocial outcomes of a nationally available weight management program tailored for individuals with type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 31(5), 891-897.

Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H.,… Vivian, E. (2017). Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: A joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The Diabetes Educator, 43(1), 40-53

NURS FPX 4050 Final Care Coordination Plan Assignment Example Four

The Care Coordination plan is a critical step for the prompt recovery of patients and ensuring the delivery of appropriate treatment at the right time. It encompasses all planned activities to provide high-quality care and treatment to patients, fostering a secure and effective environment where patients can trust their healthcare providers and receive efficient services. Nurses and healthcare staff must be vigilant and proactive to handle diverse circumstances. The primary goal is to create a patient-centered treatment plan that prioritizes the patient’s needs, ensuring effective communication at the right time with the right individuals for optimal patient care. Nursing staff should possess knowledge of medical and ethical practices to formulate and negotiate effective plans for patients (Izumi, et al., 2018). Proper guidance and instructions from healthcare advisors instill positivity and motivation in patients.

Patient-centered Health Interventions & Timelines for Selected Healthcare Problem:

Patient-centered care coordination focuses on addressing individual patient needs, aiming to provide the best possible treatment with improved clinical outcomes. This approach has gained popularity in healthcare as it facilitates personalized care and enhances patient satisfaction. Villa Health Hospital is dedicated to effectively managing Gestational Diabetes patients through patient-centered care coordination. The patient-centered treatment plan emphasizes patient well-being and involves coordination among patients, healthcare workers, and families to utilize available resources for patient support, education, and quality care (Otero, et al., 2015).

A care coordination plan is a devised methodology for delivering enhanced, efficient, safe, and quality healthcare services, supporting patients in managing their health and well-being, particularly important for diabetic patients who need to focus on health, diet, and physical activity. The patient-centered health care plan aims to promote diabetes self-management through systematic improvements in primary care quality and delivery. This involves scheduled appointments, mini-group health consultations, and a Self-Management program. The “self-management goal cycle” guides individuals in developing clear, achievable goals, recorded in the medical chart and available to the entire patient care team. This ensures continuous review of patient goals during interactions, resulting in a consistent healthcare continuum (Langford et al., 2007).

In the subsequent step, a detailed evaluation is conducted concerning the patient’s diet and daily routine, analyzing previous routines and their effectiveness. Based on this information, the healthcare team helps the patient develop meaningful objectives. Quarterly or monthly follow-up visits and telephone appointments with the healthcare team assess patient improvement based on the plan. This procedure gradually becomes a standard part of primary care visits, easily integrated with clinical treatment.

Another intervention involves patient education, implementing various strategies to control diabetes. Knowledge about illnesses and their therapeutic techniques is crucial for effective disease management. Disseminating information about diseases to nursing and healthcare professionals can be an effective intervention for reducing blood pressure.

Developing a health promotion plan for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in a nursing care home involves setting care objectives, monitoring pharmaceutical and sugar levels, and detailing insulin administration. While treatment plans are tailored to individuals, certain common strategies can be applied. Physicians and therapists should plan appropriate medication and physical activities to mitigate the risk of T2DM. Psychologists can assist in stress reduction through sessions and therapies, and dietitians can design suitable diet plans for both mothers and children to lower the risk of uncontrolled sugar levels and obesity.

1st intervention: Self-management education and support from healthcare professionals. Continuous support from healthcare personnel is crucial for guiding patients in dealing with T2DM. Efficient use of available resources, including community seminars, counseling sessions, and workshops, can provide necessary education and promote self-care. Physicians should devise home care plans and prescribe medications for a prompt recovery. Healthcare workers must ensure the utilization of preventive care services, organizing random checkups, and management programs (Zhao, 2022).

2nd intervention: Blood sugar monitoring regime. Care plans should include a segment on blood sugar testing, specifying the type of glucose monitor used and the target blood sugar level before meals. This section also addresses how blood sugar tests will be performed and which body part is suitable for testing, such as fingers, thighs, calves, or arms (Li & Hao, 2019).

3rd intervention: Insulin therapy management. The insulin therapy section outlines the insulin administration tools, including needles, insulin pen fills, or insulin syphons. It also covers the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, enabling users to measure the appropriate insulin dose, along with a timetable for self-administration of insulin (Lauver et al., 2019).

4th intervention: Family support during the treatment schedule. Recognizing the significant impact of family on disease care, providing diabetes education to the individual with T2DM may be limited in its influence. Family-based approaches to chronic illness care consider the family’s environment, addressing intellectual, social, and psychological needs. Involving families in learning programs can encourage diabetic patients, establish functional family practices, and promote diabetic self-management (Tomaselli et al., 2020).

Ethical Decisions in Designing Patient-Centered Healthcare Interventions

Patient-centered care is a commendable approach that prioritizes individualized treatment, considering the patient’s personality, lifestyle, and relationships along with their physical illness. However, ethical considerations arise in the implementation of this approach, including concerns about breaching privacy, potential biases in patients’ narratives, the development of personal relationships, and shared decision-making that could lead to negative outcomes.

Implementing a patient-centered care plan is considered ethical and efficient, placing the patient at the center of decision-making. Healthcare workers must handle patients’ personal information with utmost care and professionalism. The emphasis is on treating patients equally and involving them in decisions about their treatment while respecting their privacy and needs.

Ethical decision-making in patient-centered care involves questioning the legality of decisions, working with dedication and professionalism, and understanding the patient to provide appropriate guidance. Some critical ethical questions to address include whether the decision is in the best interest of the patient, whether it is legal, whether it fulfills ethical requirements, and whether the patient’s privacy is secured.

Patient-centered intervention, while crucial, necessitates addressing ethical issues. Ethical dilemmas may arise when the patient’s and practitioner’s views differ regarding treatment goals. Respecting autonomy and dignity may sometimes conflict with acting in the patient’s best interest.

Villa Health Hospital strives to provide patient-centered care for gestational diabetes patients while considering ethical perspectives. Autonomy, cultural values, personal choices, and the freedom to reject therapy are essential aspects of patient-centered healthcare.

The ethical concept of human prosperity, as proposed by Aristotle, emphasizes viewing patients as human beings rather than merely as patients. Nurses play a vital role in considering the cultural values and traditions of patients, embracing emotional intelligence, and adhering to ethical judgments to enhance the quality of care coordination.

Reducing ethical issues in healthcare organizations involves improving patient coordination and participation in treatments. Nurses can enhance their emotional intelligence, recognize prejudices, and adopt ethical practices to foster better relations with the environment and contribute to organizational progress. Overall, patient-centered models are viewed as more appreciable, ethical, and courteous in healthcare settings.

Policy implications for the coordination and continuum of care

The implementation of a patient-centered care (PCC) approach requires careful consideration of policies to ensure effective delivery and continuity of care. Policymakers play a crucial role in shaping the healthcare system to support and encourage patient-centered care. Here are some policy implications for the coordination and continuum of care in the context of gestational diabetes patients at Villa Health hospital:

Performance Requirements for Patient-Centered Care:

• Policymakers should establish precise performance requirements that healthcare service providers must meet to deliver patient-centered care effectively.
• Focus on concerted and integrated efforts to develop patient-centered care, acknowledging that it involves more than just infrastructural and technical advancements.

Strategic Plan for Patient-Centered Care:

• Develop a strategic plan to encourage the acquisition and maintenance of skills related to patient-centered care by healthcare workers.
• Urge healthcare organizations to adopt a patient-centered approach, emphasizing self-management assistance and shared decision-making.

Quality Care and Compassion:

• Policies should emphasize the provision of quality care by nursing staff with utmost compassion and compatibility.

Privacy Protection:

• Ensure policies that protect the privacy and personal information of patients while providing the right treatment after understanding their concerns.

Healing Relationship and Technical Care:

• Policies should encourage healthcare staff to establish healing relationships with patients, ensuring enhanced technical care and interpersonal relationships.

Meaningful Use of Health Information Technology (HIT):

• Encourage the meaningful use of Health Information Technology provided by the federal government to benefit patients.

Inter-Professional Coordination:

• Policies should emphasize proper coordination among the inter-professional team to provide patient-centered care.

Individualized Care Strategies:

• Encourage nursing staff to plan individualized and personalized care strategies for each patient, treating them as unique entities.

Public Awareness Programs:

• Policies should mandate the organization of health seminars and workshops to enhance public awareness, promoting proactive healthcare.

These policies not only contribute to the betterment of patients but also enhance the overall performance and reputation of healthcare organizations. Furthermore, they can serve as a foundation for proposing new technologies and improved treatment strategies in the future.

Additionally, government initiatives, such as those implemented by the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Programs, play a role in shaping healthcare policies. For instance, scoring systems that impose monetary penalties for high readmission rates incentivize hospitals to provide better and more effective clinical care during stays. Legislative approaches, like approving the use of e-cigarettes to control tobacco, and financial support provided by the Affordable Care Act for chronic case programs and medicinal options, contribute to a comprehensive healthcare framework.

The regulation of environmental standards and support for innovative research also reflects a commitment to overall health, demonstrating a recognition that healthcare extends beyond direct medical care to include environmental factors. The supervision of tobacco industry restrictions and clean air campaigns by regulatory bodies like the United States Food and Drug Administration further emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to healthcare.

Priorities for Discussion in Healthcare Planning

It is imperative for healthcare professionals to operate in a collaborative and coordinated manner to ensure positive outcomes. The foremost priority of nursing and healthcare staff is delivering effective and high-quality care to patients. The healthcare field necessitates continual dedication and professionalism to navigate unforeseen challenges. A well-coordinated care plan is essential to prevent adverse events, mistreatment, incorrect prescriptions, unnecessary readmissions, excessive screening, and prolonged hospital stays. Such a plan not only reduces hospital expenditures but also safeguards the hospital’s reputation. Healthcare advisors should exercise caution when communicating with patients and their families, following evidence-based priorities as per national standards:

• Prioritize the patient’s needs and preferences in treatment and communication.
• Enhance treatment strategies to meet ethical and medical standards.
• Maintain composure, take responsibility, and handle patients professionally.
• Avoid arguments and acknowledge inexperience or lack of practice instead of conveying incorrect information.
• Establish a connection with patients, seeking to understand their challenges.
• Clearly communicate treatment plans or changes based on available evidence-based practices.

Care coordinators play a crucial role in discussing treatment plans with patients and fostering trust by providing patient-centered care.

Comparison of Teaching Session Content with Best Practices

The Healthy People 2030 initiative, a governmental public health framework from 2020, proves instrumental in guiding healthcare professionals in effectively addressing challenges posed by Gestational diabetes. This initiative encompasses a comprehensive framework outlining the issues related to gestational diabetes and effective strategies to overcome them. Aimed at ensuring the well-being of the population and promoting a healthier lifestyle, the initiative serves as a valuable guide for nursing staff to acquire new strategies and enhance their knowledge for effective patient treatment. The initiative aligns with goals of promoting public health and preventing diseases.

The data gathered from Healthy People 2030 has significantly aided nursing and healthcare staff at Villa Health Hospital in formulating improved strategies for dealing with gestational diabetes patients. This initiative enables the identification of criteria for treating mothers with gestational diabetes, addressing symptoms like high blood pressure, breathing difficulties, cardiovascular diseases, depression, and anxiety. Solutions include increased physical activities, regular monitoring of sugar levels, timely medication, and a proper diet plan. Consequently, the nursing staff’s abilities and skills are enhanced, contributing to the creation of a more collaborative and effective healthcare environment.

References

Brandi, K., & Fuentes, L. (2020). The history of tiered-effectiveness contraceptive counseling and the importance of patient-centered family planning care. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(4S), S873–S877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1271

Epstein, R. M., Fiscella, K., Lesser, C. S., & Stange, K. C. (2010). Why the nation needs a policy push on patient-centered health care. Health affairs, 29(8), 1489-1495.

Izumi, S., Barfield, P. A., Basin, B., Mood, L., Neunzert, C., Tadesse, R., Bradley, K. J., & Tanner, C. A. (2018). Care coordination: Identifying and connecting the most appropriate care to the patients. Research in Nursing & Health, 41(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21843

Langford, A. T., Sawyer, D. R., Gioimo, S., Brownson, C. A., & O’Toole, M. L. (2007). Patient-Centered. The Diabetes Educator, 33(S6), 139S-144S.

Lauver, D. R., Ward, S. E., Heidrich, S. M., Keller, M. L., Bowers, B. J., Brennan, P. F., … & Wells, T. J. (2019). Patient‐centered interventions. Research in nursing & health, 25(4), 246-255.

Martinez, N. G., Niznik, C. M., & Yee, L. M. (2017). Optimizing postpartum care for the patient with gestational diabetes mellitus. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 217(3), 314-321.

Moore, L., Britten, N., Lydahl, D., Naldemirci, Ö. Elam, M., & Wolf, A. (2017). Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of person-centred care in different healthcare contexts. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 31(4), 662–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12376

Otero, C., Luna, D., Marcelo, A., Househ, M., Mandirola, H., Curioso, W., Pazos, P., & Villalba, C. (2015). Why patient-centered care coordination is important in developing countries? Contribution of the IMIA health informatics for development working group. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 10(1), 30–33. https://doi.org/10.15265/IY-2015-013

Plows, J., Stanley, J., Baker, P., Reynolds, C., & Vickers, M. (2018). The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(11), 3342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113342

Poitras, M. E., Maltais, M. E., Bestard-Denommé, L., Stewart, M., & Fortin, M. (2018). What are the effective elements in patient-centered and multimorbidity care? A scoping review. BMC health services research, 18(1), 1-9.

Ritchie, N. D., Sauder, K. A., Kaufmann, P. G., & Perreault, L. (2021). Patient-centered goal-setting in the National Diabetes Prevention Program: a pilot study. Diabetes Care, 44(11), 2464-2469.  https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.14994912

Santana, M. J., Manalili, K., Jolley, R. J., Zelinsky, S., Quan, H., & Lu, M. (2018). How to practice person-centred care: A conceptual framework. Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy, 21(2), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12640

Teitelbaum, J., McGowan, A. K., Richmond, T. S., Kleinman, D. V., Pronk, N., Ochiai, E., Blakey, C., & Brewer, K. H. (2021). Law and Policy as Tools in Healthy People 2030. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice: JPHMP, 27(6), S265–S273. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001358

Tomaselli, G., Buttigieg, S. C., Rosano, A., Cassar, M., & Grima, G. (2020). Person-centered care from a relational ethics perspective for the delivery of high quality and safe healthcare: a scoping review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 44. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00044

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Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment Example

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment Brief

Assignment Overview:

This assignment aims to explore how biology relates to psychotherapy, looking at the connection between neuroscience, psychotherapy, and the human brain. Additionally, it looks into how culture, religion, and money influence people’s thoughts about and the success of psychotherapy. The ethical and legal side of both individual and group/family therapy will also be examined, focusing on the unique challenges and responsibilities therapists face.

Understanding Assignment Objectives:

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy:

• Explore the science behind psychotherapy.
• Look at how psychotherapy changes the brain and makes helpful paths.
• Investigate the basic ideas, including evolution and genetics, that make psychotherapy work.

Role of Culture, Religion, and Money:

• Examine how different cultures affect how people see and accept psychotherapy.
• Look at how religious beliefs affect therapy.
• Explore how money influences if people try or like psychotherapy.

Ethical/Legal Considerations in Group and Family Therapy vs. Individual Therapy:

• Look at the ethical side of keeping things private in both kinds of therapy.
• Understand the legal rules, especially HIPAA.
• Explore how family therapy is different and brings special ethical challenges.

The Student’s Role:

As a student, your task is to think about and talk about what you read in your assignment. You need to understand the science behind psychotherapy and how culture, religion, and money affect it. You also need to compare the rules in individual therapy with the rules in family and group therapy.

Assessment Criteria:

Your assignment will be checked based on:

• How well do you understand the science of psychotherapy?
• How well do you think about the effects of culture, religion, and money on psychotherapy?
• How well do you explain the rules for therapy and compare them?
• How well you write your assignment.

Detailed Assessment Description of the Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment

Discussion: Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis?

Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology in terms of influencing changes in behaviors, symptoms of anxiety, and changes in mental state. Changes influenced by psychopharmacology can be explained by the biological basis of treatments. But how does psychotherapy achieve these changes? Does psychotherapy share common neuronal pathways with psychopharmacology? For this Discussion, consider whether psychotherapy also has a biological basis.
Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate biological basis of psychotherapy treatments
Analyze influences of culture, religion, and socioeconomics on personal perspectives of psychotherapy treatments

To prepare:

Review this week’s Learning Resources.
Reflect on foundational concepts of psychotherapy. Discussion: Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis?

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit!

By Day 3

Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence one’s perspective of the value of psychotherapy treatments. Support your rationale with evidence-based literature.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues by providing an additional scholarly resource that supports or challenges their position along with a brief explanation of the resource.
Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment Example

Introduction:

Psychotherapy, a widely used form of mental health intervention, has been proven to be as effective as psychopharmacology in inducing behavioral and psychological changes. The question arises: Does psychotherapy, often considered a more subjective and interpersonal intervention, have a biological basis? This discussion explores the biological aspects of psychotherapy and looks into how cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors may influence one’s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments.

Psychotherapy’s Biological Basis:

Psychotherapy operates on the idea that the brain is malleable, capable of adapting and rewiring itself. Tyron (2016) suggests that psychotherapy follows principles of evolutionary adaptation, focusing on addressing maladaptive brain adaptations and fostering positive changes. The brain, being the center of emotional experiences and memories, is subject to the formation of both positive and negative neural pathways. Psychotherapy intervenes by disengaging maladaptive pathways and establishing new, constructive connections (Lebowitz & Ahn, 2014).

Evidence from neuroimaging studies supports the biological basis of psychotherapy. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a widely used form of psychotherapy, has been shown to induce measurable biological changes. For instance, a study using positron emission tomography (PET) revealed reduced glucose metabolism levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) after receiving CBT, indicating tangible improvements in their symptoms (Tyron, 2016). Similarly, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a psychotherapeutic technique for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), led to observable changes in brain activation patterns (Amano & Toichi, 2016). These findings highlight the biological impact of psychotherapeutic interventions on neural mechanisms associated with memory and emotions.

Influence of Culture, Religion, and Socioeconomics:

Cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors play crucial roles in shaping individuals’ perceptions of psychotherapy.

Cultural Influences: Cultural beliefs significantly impact attitudes towards mental health treatments, including psychotherapy. In some cultures, seeking psychotherapy may be stigmatized, hindering individuals from accessing these interventions. Cultural ideas about mental illness may lead individuals to view psychological issues as divine punishments, influencing their willingness to engage in psychotherapy (Wegner & Rhoda, 2015).

Religious Beliefs: Religious perspectives also shape individuals’ choices regarding mental health interventions. Some individuals may prioritize religious practices, relying on faith and prayer as coping mechanisms for mental health issues. This preference for spiritual approaches over psychotherapy can be observed among Christians, Muslims, and Hindus who believe in divine healing (Goncalves et al., 2015).

Socioeconomic Status: Socioeconomic factors contribute to disparities in access to psychotherapy. Individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may face barriers such as cost and lack of awareness about the efficacy of psychotherapy. Research indicates that those with higher socioeconomic status are more likely to seek mental health services, highlighting the influence of economic factors on treatment utilization (Sripada et al., 2015).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, psychotherapy does have a biological basis, as evidenced by its ability to induce measurable changes in brain function and structure. Neuroimaging studies support the idea that psychotherapeutic interventions, such as CBT and EMDR, lead to alterations in brain activation patterns associated with memory and emotions. However, individuals’ perspectives on the value of psychotherapy are shaped by cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors. Acknowledging and addressing these influences is crucial for promoting inclusivity and ensuring that psychotherapeutic interventions are accessible and acceptable across diverse populations.

References:

Amano T & Toichi M. (2016). Possible neural mechanisms of psychotherapy for trauma-related symptoms: cerebral responses to the neuropsychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder model individuals. Scientific Reports, 6(34610).

Goncalves J, Luchetti G, Menezes P & Vallada H. (2015). Religious and spiritual interventions in mental health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Psychol Med, 45(14), 2937–2949.

Lebowitz M & Ahn W. (2014). Effects of biological explanations for mental disorders on clinicians’ empathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111(50), 17786–17790.

Sripada R, Richards S, Sheila R, Walters H, Bohnert K, Gorman L, Kees M & Blow A. (2015). Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health Service Use Among National Guard Soldiers. Psychiatric Services, 66(1), 992-995.

Tyron W. (2016). Psychotherapy Integration via Theoretical Unification. International Journal of Integrative Psychotherapy, 7(1), 1-26.

Wegner, L. & Rhoda, A. (2015). The influence of cultural beliefs on the utilization of rehabilitation services in a rural South African context: Therapists’ perspective. African Journal of Disability, 4(1), 128-136.

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment Example Two

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Treatments:

Neuroscience explores the biological foundation of psychotherapy, focusing on the development, maturation, and function of the brain. Psychotherapy acts on maladaptive brain mappings, deactivating them and fostering the creation of constructive pathways. The healing process involves altering problematic mappings associated with traumatic experiences, reducing suffering linked to mental health conditions (Jimenez et al., 2018). Studies show psychotherapy’s ability to modify activity levels in the prefrontal cortex, particularly in depression patients engaging in interpersonal therapy. Psychotherapy’s biological impact is comparable to drug treatments, with cognitive-behavioral therapy inducing brain changes akin to psychotropic medications (Marano et al., 2012).

Influence of Religion, Culture, and Socioeconomics on Psychotherapy Management:

Cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors significantly influence psychotherapy management. Cultural competency is essential for understanding diverse perspectives on mental health, as hallucinations may be revered in some cultures. Religion contributes to mental health stability, impacting treatment preferences. Acknowledging socioeconomic disparities, poverty-related stress, and external circumstances is crucial. Psychotherapy discussions should focus on creating coping mechanisms rather than promoting happiness about poverty. Recognizing barriers, such as lack of resources, helps address mental health issues in lower socioeconomic strata (Hodgkinson et al., 2017).

Ethical and Legal Considerations for Group and Family Therapy:

In group and family therapy, ethical considerations revolve around confidentiality limits, role conflicts, and the clinician’s duty to warn. Therapists must disclose potential conflicts and ensure clear boundaries when providing services to multiple individuals. Legal obligations, influenced by the Tarasoff decision, require therapists to warn family members or the group if a patient poses a danger. Attention to HIPAA rules, especially in individual therapy, contrasts with the need to share information among family or group members. Ethical decision-making involves addressing role conflicts and ensuring unbiased treatment, with legal considerations requiring the clinician to warn of potential risks (Kim et al., 2016).

References:

Jiménez, J. P., Botto, A., Herrera, L., Leighton, C., Rossi, J. L., Quevedo, Y., … & Luyten, P. (2018). Psychotherapy and Genetic Neuroscience: An Emerging Dialog. Frontiers in genetics, 9, 257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00257

Marano, G., Traversi, G., Nannarelli, C., Pitrelli, S., Mazza, S., & Mazza, M. (2012). Functional neuroimaging: points of intersection between biology and psychotherapy. Clin Ter, 163(6), e445-456.

Hodgkinson, S., Godoy, L., Beers, L. S., & Lewin, A. (2017). Improving Mental Health Access for Low-Income Children and Families in the Primary Care Setting. Pediatrics, 139(1), e20151175. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1175

Kim, N. S., Ahn, W. K., Johnson, S. G., & Knobe, J. (2016). The influence of framing on clinicians’ judgments of the biological basis of behaviors. Journal of experimental psychology. Applied, 22(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000070

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment Example Three

Introduction:

Psychotherapy involves close collaboration between individuals and therapists to address mental health concerns in a safe and judgment-free space. The collaborative effort aims to identify and modify thoughts and actions contributing to emotional distress, leading to changes in the brain and body that enhance emotional and behavioral well-being (American Psychological Association, 2022).

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy:

Psychotherapy extensively explores the neural foundations of psychological phenomena. The human brain develops through a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Traumatic events can impact one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Unlike focusing on specific receptors or neurotransmitters, psychotherapy acts as an integrative biological treatment, engaging all systems responsible for regulating complex brain reactions. The ultimate goal is to reshape one’s holistic perspective through new knowledge and experiences, resulting in substantial and lasting changes in the brain (Javanbakht & Alberini, 2019). Psychotherapy aims to facilitate adaptive patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior.

Influences of Culture, Religion, and Socioeconomics:

Cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors significantly influence how individuals perceive and engage with psychotherapy. Cultural diversity plays a crucial role in shaping perspectives on mental health and acceptable behavior. Different cultural backgrounds affect the occurrence of mental illnesses, reactions to psychological disorders, and attitudes toward receiving psychotherapy (Koç & Kafa, 2019). For instance, in some Muslim communities, skepticism towards psychotherapy exists due to perceived conflicts with spiritual beliefs.

Cultural variations in norms and expectations regarding normal behavior and mental health impact the acceptance and integration of psychotherapy. Appreciation and understanding of psychotherapy differ across cultures, with disparities evident between nations, especially in third-world countries where the impact of psychotherapy may be limited (Koç & Kafa, 2019).

Legal and Ethical Considerations:

Legal and ethical issues are paramount in all forms of therapy, encompassing individual, family, and group contexts. Key considerations include patient privacy, protection from abuse, autonomy, and therapy adherence. Therapists must establish rapport through empathy, openness, and active listening, ensuring equal participation in group and family therapy. Confidentiality is a legal and ethical obligation, except in cases where immediate harm to the patient or others is a concern.

An effective psychotherapy treatment plan requires a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s worldview, cultural background, socio-economic status, and medical history. This holistic approach ensures ethical practice and enhances the therapeutic alliance (American Psychological Association, 2022).

Conclusion:

Psychotherapy’s effectiveness lies in its biological impact on the brain and body, fostering positive changes in emotional and behavioral health. Cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors shape individuals’ perspectives on psychotherapy, influencing its acceptance and integration. Legal and ethical considerations are essential in maintaining a therapeutic environment and ensuring patient well-being. A comprehensive understanding of the patient’s background is crucial for effective and ethical psychotherapy.

References:

American Psychological Association (2022). Understanding psychotherapy and how it works. https://doi.org/10.1037/e502202022-001

Javanbakht, A., & Alberini, C. M. (2019). Editorial: Neurobiological Models of Psychotherapy. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 13, 144. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00144

Koç, V., & Kafa, G. (2019). Cross-cultural research on psychotherapy: The need for a change. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 50(1), 100–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118806577

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment Example Four

Introduction:

Understanding psychotherapy is crucial for its effective application in patient care. Psychotherapy, described by Jimenez, Botto, & Luyten (2018), is an interpersonal process aimed at changing dysfunctional feelings, actions, attitudes, and cognitions in individuals seeking help. This discussion explores the biological basis of psychotherapy, emphasizing its impact on the brain and body. Additionally, it delves into how social, cultural, and religious factors influence the importance of psychotherapy.

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy:

Psychotherapy induces changes in both psychological and biological elements. Studies establish a causal relationship between psychological and biological factors, with psychotherapy promoting learning within emotional connections that may lead to epigenetic changes during therapeutic interventions (Jimenez et al., 2018). Wheeler’s (2014) theory suggests a biological element in the brain processes experiences to a physiological state, enabling learning. Various studies demonstrate the efficacy of psychotherapy in treating mental diseases, showcasing its biological impact on reducing symptoms (Fonzo et al., 2017).

Metacognitive Narrative Psychotherapy has shown improvement in schizophrenia patients, providing evidence of psychotherapy’s biological basis by mediating the reconnection of dysfunctional neural networks caused by stressful events (Schweitzer, Greben, & Bargenquast, 2017). Integration of neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychology supports the notion that psychotherapy has a biological basis (Jimenez et al., 2018).

Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Religious Influences:

Cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors play pivotal roles in shaping individuals’ perspectives on psychotherapy. Providers must consider these aspects to ensure culturally competent and effective treatment. Cultural differences impact symptom recognition and reporting, requiring providers to understand diverse perspectives (Wheeler, 2014). Clients may approach mental health differently based on their cultural background, influencing their openness to psychotherapy.

Religious beliefs can affect treatment preferences, with some religions opposing certain psychotherapeutic approaches. Despite these challenges, research shows that mindfulness-based practices aligned with religious values can be beneficial (Plante, 2016). Socioeconomic factors, including affordability and access to resources, also influence the decision to seek psychotherapy. Lower socioeconomic status is associated with more severe diagnoses, highlighting disparities in mental health care (Dougall & Schwartz, 2018).

Conclusion:

Psychotherapy’s biological basis is evident through its impact on brain function and the reduction of mental health symptoms. The integration of biological and psychological sciences contributes to its effectiveness. Cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors significantly influence individuals’ acceptance and engagement with psychotherapy. Recognizing and addressing these influences is crucial for providing culturally competent and accessible mental health care.

References:

Jimenez, J. P., Botto, A., & Luyten, P. (2018). Psychotherapy and Genetic Neuroscience: An emerging dialog. https://www.ncbi.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6056612/

Wheeler, K. (Eds.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice (2nd ed.). New York, N.Y; Springer Publishing Company.

Fonzo, G. A., Goodkind, M. S., Oathes, D. J., Zaiko, Y. V., Harvey, M., Peng, K. K., … Etkin, A. (2017). PTSD Psychotherapy Outcome Predicted by Brain Activation During Emotional Reactivity and Regulation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(12), 1163–1174.

Schweitzer, R. D., Greben, M., & Bargenquast, R. (2017). Long-term outcomes of Metacognitive Narrative Psychotherapy for people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 90(4), 668–685.

Plante, T. G. (2016). Beyond Mindfulness: Expanding integration of Spirituality and Religion into Psychotherapy.

Dougall, J. L., & Schwartz, R. C. (2018). The influence of client Socioeconomic status on Psychotherapists’ Attributional Biases and countertransference reactions.

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy Assignment Example Five

Biological Basis of Psychotherapy:

Psychotherapy is rooted in the understanding of human brain-mind functions, complex behaviors, and maladaptive responses. It aligns with principles of evolutionary adaptation and genetics, indicating a biological basis. Psychotherapy deactivates maladaptive brain mappings, promoting the formation of constructive pathways. It operates on the genetic and evolutionary principles underlying brain adjustments, closing mishandled mappings, and establishing new constructive pathways (Javanbakht & Alberini, 2019).

Culture, Religion, and Socioeconomics in Psychotherapy:

Culture significantly influences perceptions and acceptance of psychotherapy. Cultural competency is crucial in understanding how individuals interact with and perceive psychotherapy. Religion shapes judgments and experiences related to psychotherapy, influencing the therapeutic process positively by promoting a positive belief system. Socioeconomic status impacts perspectives on psychotherapy, with individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds being less likely to seek and perceive psychotherapy as effective (Captari et al., 2018; Finegan et al., 2018; Moleiro, 2018).

Ethical/Legal Considerations in Group and Family Therapy vs. Individual Therapy:

Informed Consent: In group and family therapy, therapists must treat each client’s information with confidentiality, similar to individual therapy. Informed consent is essential in both settings.

Confidentiality: Maintaining confidentiality is challenging in group and family therapy, given multiple clients with shared experiences. Therapists must ensure individual clients’ information is not divulged without consent.

Family as a System: Ethical considerations in family therapy involve treating the family as a system, focusing on relationships. Therapists must navigate conflicting goals and interests within families, ensuring the welfare of all involved parties.

Legal Obligations: Legal considerations include upholding the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in group and family therapy, emphasizing confidentiality similar to individual therapy.

Impact on Therapeutic Approaches:

Balancing Improvement: Therapists in group and family settings must ensure improvements in one client do not compromise others. Ethical responsibilities involve advocating for the family system, avoiding bias, and promoting the welfare of all members.

Preserving Confidentiality: Obtaining informed consent from each member becomes crucial. Therapists may need to secure private sessions to encourage open communication, maintaining confidentiality.

References:

Captari, L. E., Hook, J. N., Hoyt, W., Davis, D. E., McElroy‐Heltzel, S. E., & Worthington Jr, E. L. (2018). Integrating clients’ religion and spirituality within psychotherapy: A comprehensive meta‐analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(11), 1938-1951.

Finegan, M., Firth, N., Wojnarowski, C., & Delgadillo, J. (2018). Associations between socioeconomic status and psychological therapy outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 35(6), 560-573.

Javanbakht, A., & Alberini, C. M. (2019). Editorial: Neurobiological models of psychotherapy. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, 144.

Moleiro, C. (2018). Culture and psychopathology: New perspectives on research, practice, and clinical training in a globalized world. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 366.

Edemekong, P. F., Annamaraju, P., & Haydel, M. J. (2018). Health insurance portability and accountability act. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL).

Twist, M. L., & Hertlein, K. M. (2017). Ethical couple and family e-therapy. Ethics and professional issues in couple and family therapy, 261-282.

Wrape, E. R., & McGinn, M. M. (2019). Clinical and ethical considerations for delivering couple and family therapy via telehealth. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 45(2), 296-308.

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NRNP 6645 Mother and Daughter a Cultural Tale Video Family Assessment Assignment

NRNP 6645 Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale Video Family Assessment Assignment Brief

Assignment Overview:

The main goal of this assignment is to thoroughly assess a family based on the case study presented in the “Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale” video. The focus is on understanding family dynamics, roles, and the potential root causes of the identified issues. The assignment involves using the Comprehensive Evaluation Note Template to document key aspects of the family’s history, psychosocial context, and individual mental health.

Understanding Assignment Goals:

• Family Assessment: The assignment aims to show the student’s ability to assess families, emphasizing the importance of looking beyond the identified “problem” individual to understand broader family dynamics. Students should use knowledge from the provided Learning Resources, with a specific focus on psychotherapy genograms.
• Documentation Skills: The assignment requires the use of the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note Template. Students should show careful documentation skills in addressing various aspects, including chief complaint, history of present illness, and psychosocial history. The provided exemplar should serve as a guide for meeting documentation requirements.
• Video Analysis: Students are expected to critically analyze the “Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale” video, extracting relevant information for the family assessment. The analysis should consider cultural factors, communication patterns, and observable behaviors within the family.

The Student’s Role:

As a student undertaking this assignment, your role is to act as a mental health professional conducting a thorough family assessment. Approach the case study with sensitivity to cultural factors, trauma, and familial dynamics. Utilize the provided resources, including the psychotherapy genograms, to enhance your understanding of family structures and relationships.

Your documentation skills will be crucial in addressing each section of the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note Template. Be attentive to details, and where information is not directly available from the video, provide a thoughtful explanation of how you would gather the missing data and justify its relevance to diagnosis and treatment planning.

Additionally, demonstrate critical thinking in the formulation of a differential diagnosis based on DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria. The treatment plan should be comprehensive, incorporating psychotherapeutic interventions, medications, and additional support services.

Detailed Assignment Instructions: Assessment Description

Assessment is as essential to family therapy as it is to individual therapy. Although families often present with one person identified as the “problem,” the assessment process will help you better understand family roles and determine whether the identified problem client is in fact the root of the family’s issues.

To prepare:

    Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide on family assessment. Be sure to review the resource on psychotherapy genograms.

    Download the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note Template and review the requirements of the documentation. There is also an exemplar provided with detailed guidance and examples.

    View the Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale video in the Learning Resources and consider how you might assess the family in the case study.

THE ASSIGNMENT

Document the following for the family in the video, using the Comprehensive Evaluation Note Template:

    Chief complaint

    History of present illness

    Past psychiatric history

    Substance use history

    Family psychiatric/substance use history

    Psychosocial history/Developmental history

    Medical history

    Review of systems (ROS)

    Physical assessment (if applicable)

    Mental status exam

    Differential diagnosis—Include a minimum of three differential diagnoses and include how you derived each diagnosis in accordance with DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria

    Case formulation and treatment plan

    Include a psychotherapy genogram for the family

 

Note: For any item you are unable to address from the video, explain how you would gather this information and why it is important for diagnosis and treatment planning.

NRNP 6645 Mother and Daughter a Cultural Tale Video Family Assessment Assignment Example

CC (chief complaint):

The mother’s chief complaint revolves around experiencing considerable pain with a sense of inadequate support. Sharleen, her daughter, aspires to bring peace to her mother’s life by encouraging her to adjust expectations and embrace life changes. Sharleen perceives a constraint from her mother, hindering her personal growth. The mother seeks consistent companionship from her daughters and occasionally grapples with loneliness-induced depression.

Sharleen reveals discomfort in her mother’s home due to two dogs, expressing a dislike for them and their hair. This discomfort extends to avoiding meals at her mother’s house due to the pervasive dog smell. Sharleen also raises concerns about her mother’s prompt decision-making influenced by high expectations.

Complicating matters, there’s a disclosure about a sibling experiencing sexual assault by their biological father, significantly impacting mental health. The relationship between Patti and Sharleen is characterized by disagreements, and Gonzalo Baciga is expressing worry about the overall well-being of the mother and daughter. As these issues are presented, it becomes apparent that the family is navigating intricate challenges requiring a comprehensive assessment for effective intervention.

History of Present Illness (HPI):

The patient, a 40-year-old woman of Iranian-American origin, is seeking evaluation due to intricate family dynamics affecting both herself and her children. Her 23-year-old daughter has brought up various concerns regarding family relationships, particularly focusing on trauma related to domestic violence from their father, as portrayed in the “Mother and Daughter: A Cultural Tale” video. The patient acknowledges challenges in adapting to American norms, displaying symptoms consistent with an adjustment disorder.

Amidst family conflicts, a significant issue arises – the father’s history of sexual assault on one of the daughters. This traumatic event exacerbates the mother’s declining health, marked by multiple foot surgeries. Another layer of discord involves disparities in beliefs and traditions, with the mother desiring care from her children while the children lean towards utilizing nursing facilities.

The unresolved family issues have taken a toll, resulting in depression and trauma, evident in observed symptoms such as fumbling, fluctuations in enthusiasm, impulsivity, hyperactivity, repetitive speech, and irritability. Despite these challenges, there’s no apparent difficulty in focus, memory, or attention. The intricate nature of the family’s challenges necessitates a thorough assessment to formulate an effective treatment plan addressing both the psychological and physical aspects of the patient’s well-being.

Past Psychiatric History:

In exploring the mother’s past psychiatric history, she discloses instances of experiencing depressive moments. However, she explicitly denies any formal psychiatric diagnoses, emphasizing that she has not been diagnosed with conditions such as depression. Notably, the patient vehemently disputes any thoughts of suicide, providing insight into her mental and emotional state. Furthermore, she asserts a lack of engagement with illegal substances and categorically denies suffering from any significant mental illness or insanity.

Hospitalizations:

There is no documented history of acute admissions for mental illness, suggesting that the mother has not required inpatient psychiatric care in the past.

Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis:

The available records do not indicate any current psychiatric diagnosis or ongoing psychotherapeutic treatment for the patient. While the mother admits to experiencing episodes of depression, there is no mention of specific medications prescribed for the management of depressive symptoms. This information highlights a gap in the therapeutic interventions and underscores the need for a comprehensive mental health assessment.

Substance Current Use and History:

The patient reports no current abuse of substances, indicating a lack of ongoing issues related to substance use.

Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History:

The family history does not reveal any substance use or psychiatric disorders among the family members. This absence of familial psychiatric history adds a layer of complexity to the understanding of the mother’s individual mental health challenges.

Psychosocial History:

The mother and daughter find themselves grappling with the challenges of adjusting to a new way of life, reflecting the broader context of cultural adaptation. Seeking assistance, they have visited a mental health institution for a diagnostic assessment, specifically focusing on trauma disorders and adjustment disorders. During these assessments, the current psychiatrist participated in addressing questions related to the patients’ past issues, providing a collaborative approach to understanding the family’s mental health landscape.

The mother, reliant on disability, is brought to the institution by her daughter, a school-going girl. However, there is a notable absence of specific details about the daughter’s school, an area that could provide valuable insights into the daughter’s daily life and potential stressors. Recognizing the significance of comprehensive patient information, it becomes evident that a more thorough exploration of the daughter’s experiences and challenges may contribute to a more holistic treatment plan.

The family denies both current and medical history, and the assessment predominantly focuses on the mother’s surgery without specifying its underlying reason. This prompts a critical consideration of the importance of probing deeper into the patients’ health histories to glean relevant information that could inform a comprehensive and tailored treatment plan. The narrative underscores the need for a thorough and nuanced understanding of the patients’ experiences, incorporating both individual and familial perspectives for effective mental health interventions.

Medical History:

1. Current Medications: The patient is not currently taking any medications.
2. Allergies: There is no information available regarding any known allergies.
3. Reproductive History: While reproductive history for the children is not disclosed, the mother has six children.

Objective:

Review of Systems (ROS):

• Skin: No reported issues.
• Respiratory System: No complaints of shortness of breath, cough, or sneezing.
• Cardiovascular System: No reported chest pains.
• Gastrointestinal: No complaints of constipation, abdominal pains, or diarrhea.
• Hematologic: No reports of easy bleeding or anemia.
• Genitourinary: No complaints of hematuria or flank pain.
• Neurological: Absence of dizziness, headaches, ataxia, or paralysis.
• Endocrine System: No indications of polyuria, diabetes, polyphagia, or polydipsia.

Assessment:

Mental Status Examination:

The mother, a 40-year-old Iranian female, and her Americanized Iranian daughter, aged 23, present for evaluation. The mother’s physical appearance reflects the toll of early and abusive marriage stress, making her appear older than her chronological age. In contrast, the daughter appears unfazed by her mother’s aged appearance, demonstrating a lack of concern.

Both individuals exhibit cooperation during the examination, presenting as cleanly dressed with no observable abnormal mental activity. However, a sense of restlessness, anxiety, and irritation pervades their demeanor. The absence of auditory or visual hallucinations or delusions is noted. Both individuals communicate with clear and loud speech, maintaining normal volume and tones.

Observable behaviors include fidgeting, impulsivity, excitability, and annoyance, accompanied by an aggressive tone and repetitions. Despite these manifestations, their thought processes remain logical, and their goals appear driven. Notably, when engaged in conversation, they exhibit a present-minded focus. Cognitively, remote and recent memories are intact, concentration is within normal limits, and they demonstrate average insight. Importantly, attention, judgment, and abstraction are unbroken, indicating preserved cognitive functions.

The combined observations suggest a complex interplay of emotional distress, potentially influenced by the trauma and familial conflicts discussed earlier. The apparent emotional turmoil is manifested through observable behaviors, emphasizing the need for a nuanced and comprehensive approach to address both the mental health and interpersonal dynamics within the family unit.

Differential Diagnoses:

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD); ICD-10 CODE: F.43

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is considered a potential diagnosis based on the reported traumatic experiences within the family, specifically the history of domestic violence and sexual assault. PTSD can emerge following exposure to life-threatening or extremely distressing events, such as physical assault or combat. Individuals afflicted by PTSD often undergo a process of reliving trauma through their thoughts, distancing themselves from social connections, and experiencing prolonged anger. The prevalence of PTSD is not fixed and affects individuals of various demographics, emphasizing the universality of its impact.

People with PTSD may struggle to cope with the aftermath of terrifying events, and while many recover fully, a significant portion continues to grapple with the trauma. Common symptoms include extreme anger, fear, guilt, shame, and negative emotional thoughts. Neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, play a role in the sustainability and formation of PTSD. Moreover, individuals with PTSD are at an increased risk of developing physical impairments affecting both daily life and mental well-being.

Reflections:

The assignment reflects the misconception surrounding PTSD, emphasizing the need for accurate understanding. The complexity of PTSD is highlighted by its association with neurotransmitters, such as dopamine. Additionally, the link between PTSD and severe health difficulties throughout the lifespan is underscored, with an elevated incidence of type II diabetes mellitus reported in affected individuals.

The assignment draws attention to the high-risk behaviors associated with PTSD, including substance misuse, binge eating, obesity, and unsafe sexual conduct. Educating patients on the importance of modern contraception, healthy eating habits, and physical activity is deemed critical in mitigating the potential health consequences of PTSD.

Case Formulation and Treatment Plan:

The treatment plan for PTSD involves a multidimensional approach, recognizing the uniqueness of each individual’s experience and response to interventions. A comprehensive management strategy includes psychotherapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications. An experienced healthcare professional, such as a nurse practitioner, is recommended to oversee the treatment process.

Specific medications are prescribed to address symptoms and manage the root cause of PTSD. In this case, a daily dosage of 20mg Prozac and 15mg twice daily (BID) Buspar is proposed. Additionally, stress management is integral to the treatment plan, emphasizing the importance of addressing the psychological and physiological aspects of stress.

The inclusion of a nutrition and diet specialist underscores the holistic nature of treatment, recognizing the interconnectedness of mental and physical well-being. Education on the potential side effects of medications and setting realistic expectations contributes to informed decision-making and patient empowerment.

References:

Mitchell, J. M., Bogenschutz, M., Lilienstein, A., Harrison, C., Kleiman, S., Parker-Guilbert, K., … & Doblin, R. (2021). MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Nature Medicine, 27(6), 1025-1033.

Unnikrishnan, R., Radha, V., & Mohan, V. (2021). Challenges Involved in Incorporating Personalised Treatment Plan as Routine Care of Patients with Diabetes. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, 14, 327.

Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). Treating PTSD: A review of evidence-based psychotherapy interventions. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 12, 258.

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group Settings Versus Family Settings Example Essays

Assignment Brief: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Group Settings Versus Family Settings

Assignment Overview:

This assignment aims to explore Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in group and family settings, looking at how it works and the unique challenges and adaptations needed for effective therapy.

Assignment Objectives:

• Understand Theory: Look into the theory behind Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and how it fits into group and family settings, focusing on concepts like schemas and social exchange theory.
• Explore Practical Use: Check out how CBT is used in the real world in both group and family therapy. Use personal practicum experiences or case studies to show the challenges and successes in each setting.
• Look at Challenges and Solutions: Investigate challenges specific to each setting, such as fitting individual ideas into group dynamics or blending different family ideas. Suggest strategies to handle these challenges.
• Discuss Research: Talk about relevant research findings on how well CBT works in group and family settings, considering things like cost-effectiveness, societal impact, and therapeutic outcomes.
• Reflect on Your Experience: Think about your own practicum experiences or observations related to CBT in group and family therapy. Show how theoretical concepts are used in the real world.

Understanding Assignment Objectives:

This assignment wants you to get a good understanding of how Cognitive Behavioral Therapy works in group and family settings. You’ll need to explore the theory, see how it’s used in real life, and understand the challenges and solutions. By using your own experiences or case studies, you can analyze the practical side of things.

Your Role as a Student:

As a student, your task is to get the theory behind Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and see how it’s used in group and family therapy. Use your own experiences or case studies to look at the challenges in each setting and suggest ways to handle them. Also, talk about research to back up your ideas and give a well-rounded view of how well CBT works in different therapy situations. The assignment encourages you to think about your experiences and really understand how to use CBT in group and family settings.

Detailed Discussion Assignment Instructions: Assessment Description

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings – Week 8 Discussion Example Essays

Week 8: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Groups

CBT is the most widely researched psychotherapeutic model with demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems. CBT is the first order of business and treatment of choice for most patients who need internal resources and coping skills enhanced.

—Dr. Sharon M. Freeman Clevenger, Psychotherapy for the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse

Although designed for therapy with individuals, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has also proven effective in group settings. With its many benefits, including cost-effectiveness and efficiency, this therapeutic approach allows the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner to effectively treat a greater number of clients in a relatively short length of time. With the widespread use of CBT with groups, it is important for you to understand how to use this therapeutic approach in clinical settings.

This week, as you explore CBT for groups, you compare CBT in group and family settings. You also develop diagnoses for clients receiving group psychotherapy and consider legal and ethical implications of counseling these clients.

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (5th ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.

    Chapter 11, “In the Beginning” (pp. 309–344)

Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (5th ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.

    Chapter 12, “The Advanced Group” (pp. 345–390)

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Note: You will access this text from the Walden Library databases.

Bjornsson, A. S., Bidwell, L. C., Brosse, A. L., Carey, G., Hauser, M., Mackiewicz Seghete, K. L., … Craighead, W. E. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus group psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder among college students: A randomized controlled trial. Depression and Anxiety, 28(11), 1034–1042. doi:10.1002/da.20877

Note: You will access this text from the Walden Library databases.

Safak, Y., Karadere, M. E., Ozdel, K., Ozcan, T., Türkçapar, M. H., Kuru, E., & Yücens, B. (2014). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 25(4), 225–233. Retrieved from http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/

Note: You will access this text from the Walden Library databases.

Document: Group Therapy Progress Note

Discussion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings

As you might recall from Week 5, there are significant differences in the applications of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for families and individuals. The same is true for CBT in group settings and CBT in family settings. In your role, it is essential to understand these differences to appropriately apply this therapeutic approach across multiple settings. For this Discussion, as you compare the use of CBT in group settings and family settings, consider challenges of using this approach with your own groups.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

    Compare the use of cognitive behavioral therapy for groups to cognitive behavioral therapy for families

    Analyze challenges of using cognitive behavioral therapy for groups

    Recommend effective strategies in cognitive behavioral therapy for groups

To prepare:

    Reflect on your practicum experiences with CBT in group and family settings.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Post to Discussion Question link and then select Create Thread to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit! Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings – Week 8 Discussion Sample Essays

By Day 3

Post an explanation of how the use of CBT in groups compares to its use in family settings. Provide specific examples from your own practicum experiences. Then, explain at least two challenges counselors might encounter when using CBT in the group setting. Support your response with specific examples from this week’s media.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues by recommending strategies to overcome the challenges your colleagues have identified. Support your recommendation with evidence-based literature and/or your own experiences with clients.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 8 Discussion

 Assignment 1: Practicum – Week 8 Journal Entry

Learning Objectives

Students will:

    Develop effective documentation skills for group therapy sessions *

    Develop diagnoses for clients receiving group psychotherapy *

    Evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for groups *

    Analyze legal and ethical implications of counseling clients with psychiatric disorders *

    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings – Week 8 Discussion Example Essays

* The Assignment related to this Learning Objective is introduced this week and submitted in Week 10.

Select two clients you observed or counseled this week during a group therapy session. Note: The two clients you select must have attended the same group session.

Then, in your Practicum Journal, address the following:

    Using the Group Therapy Progress Note in this week’s Learning Resources, document the group session.

    Describe each client (without violating HIPAA regulations), and identify any pertinent history or medical information, including prescribed medications.

    Using the DSM-5, explain and justify your diagnosis for each client.

    Explain whether cognitive behavioral therapy would be effective with this group. Include expected outcomes based on this therapeutic approach. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings – Week 8 Discussion Sample Essays

    Explain any legal and/or ethical implications related to counseling each client.

    Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

By Day 7 of Week 10

Submit your Assignment.

Assignment 2: Board Vitals

This week you will be responding to twenty Board Vitals questions that cover a broad review of your Nurse Practitioner program courses up to this point.

These review questions will provide practice that is critical in your preparation for the national certification exam that’s required to certify you to practice as a nurse practitioner. These customized test questions are designed to help you prepare for your Nurse Practitioner certification exam. It is in your best interest to take your time, do your best, and answer each question to the best of your ability.

You can access Board Vitals through the link sent to you in email or by following the link below:

https://www.boardvitals.com/

By Day 7

Complete the Board Vitals questions.

Making Connections

Now that you have:

    Explored cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for groups and compared CBT in group and family settings

    Developed diagnoses for clients receiving group psychotherapy and considered legal and ethical implications of counseling these clients

Next week, you will:

    Explore psychotherapeutic approaches to group therapy for addiction

    Develop diagnoses for clients receiving psychotherapy for addiction and consider legal and ethical implications of counseling these clients.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings Example Essay

Introduction:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) serves as a versatile and effective psychotherapeutic model, applicable in diverse settings such as individual, group, and family therapy. This essay explores the comparisons and challenges associated with implementing CBT in group settings versus family settings, drawing insights from the provided sample essays and relevant literature.

CBT in Group Settings versus Family Settings:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy exhibits similarities and differences when applied in group and family contexts. Both settings have demonstrated effectiveness in treating various mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, and substance use (McHugh et al., 2010; Naik et al., 2013). However, the structural variances are notable, with group therapy addressing individuals with distinct disorders, while family therapy focuses on the dynamics within a familial unit (Nichols, 2014).

Challenges of CBT in Group Settings:

Group therapy, while cost-effective and conducive to shared experiences, poses unique challenges. Group dynamics can hinder the formation of connections among individuals, impacting the effectiveness of restructuring activities (Bjornsson et al., 2011). Additionally, maintaining focus on individual goals within the collective setting can be challenging, as members may bring diverse issues to the forefront (Wheeler, 2014).

Challenges of CBT in Family Settings:

In family settings, blending diverse family schemas and creating new, adaptive beliefs can be challenging. Families with special needs children, for instance, may struggle to adapt to unique challenges, necessitating additional therapeutic efforts (Bjornsson et al., 2011). Establishing cohesive family dynamics requires addressing individual concerns within the broader context of familial interactions.

Strategies to Overcome Challenges:

To overcome challenges in group settings, fostering a supportive environment and encouraging open communication is paramount. Providing additional individual sessions when necessary ensures personalized attention (Wheeler, 2014). In family settings, gradual integration of family schemas and emphasis on creating new adaptive beliefs facilitate the development of a cohesive familial unit. Individual sessions may be instrumental in addressing specific concerns of family members (Bjornsson et al., 2011).

Legal and Ethical Considerations:

Legal and ethical considerations are integral to both group and family settings. Maintaining confidentiality is crucial, requiring therapists to navigate the balance between individual and collective privacy (Wheeler, 2014). Informed consent, particularly in family settings, becomes pivotal, considering the potential impact of shared information on the family dynamic.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, CBT’s application in group and family settings offers distinct challenges and advantages. Therapists must navigate the complexities of group dynamics or familial interactions while adhering to legal and ethical considerations. Integrating individual and collective therapeutic approaches ensures a comprehensive and tailored treatment experience for clients in diverse settings. As mental health practitioners continue to refine their skills, understanding the nuanced application of CBT across different contexts remains essential for effective and ethical treatment.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings Example Essay Two

Introduction:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a widely recognized short-term psychotherapeutic approach emphasizing attitude change to facilitate behavior modification (Nichols, 2014). Effective in treating various disorders, CBT can be implemented at the individual or family level, with distinct frameworks for each (Wheeler, 2014).

Individual CBT and Family CBT:

Individual CBT involves a collaborative process between therapist and client, considering schemas and physiology to tailor the plan of care, particularly focusing on harm reduction, especially for clients dealing with anxiety and substance abuse (Wheeler, 2014). In contrast, family CBT, a brief and solution-focused approach, aims to cultivate adaptive thinking and behaviors within the family unit, fostering a healthier family environment (Nichols, 2014).

Case Example: T.M’s Struggle with Alcoholism:

T.M, engaged in both individual and family CBT, initially sought help for alcohol-related issues. His resistance to acknowledging the severity of his alcoholism became apparent in individual sessions. When family CBT was introduced, tensions arose, revealing discrepancies in his reported abstinence duration. Such complexities underscore the importance of addressing substance use disorders (SUDs) within a multifaceted therapeutic approach.

CBT Strategies for Substance Use Disorders:

The CBT model for SUDs recognizes substances as reinforcing behaviors, creating associations with daily activities. Cognitive restructuring and skill development are employed to reduce the positive and negative reinforcement effects, promoting abstinence or controlled substance use (McHugh et al., 2010). In T.M’s case, the discrepancy in his narratives highlighted the need for a comprehensive approach, combining individual and family interventions.

Challenges and Recommendations:

Implementing CBT in family settings presents challenges, such as session structure and technique effectiveness concerns (Ringle et al., 2015). To address these challenges, therapists may benefit from evaluation, consultation with peers, and consideration of alternative interventions. In T.M’s case, a recommendation for the “Ready for Change” group was made, leveraging shared experiences to foster awareness of alcohol-related issues (Morin et al., 2017).

Conclusion:

This case underscores the complexity of addressing substance use within the family context and the importance of a nuanced therapeutic approach. Utilizing both individual and family CBT, along with group support, proved essential in navigating T.M’s resistance and promoting awareness. Therapists must continually evaluate and adapt their strategies, drawing on the principles of CBT to address the unique challenges presented by each client and family.

References:

McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 33(3), 511-25. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.012

Morin, J., Harris, M., & Conrod, P. (2017, October 05). A Review of CBT Treatments for Substance Use Disorders. Oxford Handbooks Online. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935291.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935291-e-57.

Nichols, M. (2014). The essentials of family therapy (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Ringle, V. A., Read, K. L., Edmunds, J. M., Brodman, D. M., Kendall, P. C., Barg, F., & Beidas, R. S. (2015). Barriers to and Facilitators in the Implementation of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety in the Community. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 66(9), 938-45. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400134

Wheeler, K. (Ed.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice. New York, NY: Springer.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings Example Essay Three

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) stands out as a highly effective psychotherapeutic approach, adaptable to individual, group, or family settings. Its core objective is to collaboratively work with patients to modify unhealthy thoughts and behaviors, offering a versatile framework applicable to diverse mental health conditions, from addiction to severe illnesses.

Effectiveness of Group Therapy:

While some argue that group therapy is more effective than individual therapy (Kellett, Clarke, & Matthews, 2007), the choice between group, family, or individual sessions depends on the nature of the condition being treated. The Johnson Family Session video provides insight into the nuanced effectiveness of group or individual therapy. For instance, a survivor of sexual assault displayed internal issues hindering her engagement in group therapy. This highlights the importance of addressing individual needs before progressing to group or family sessions.

Challenges in Group/Family Therapy:

Ensuring client commitment to treatment is pivotal, as poor compliance can impact the therapeutic dynamics within the group (Söchting, Lau, & Ogrodniczuk, 2018). A case from practicum involving a terminally ill patient illustrates the challenges of family therapy when individual issues are not addressed first. The patient’s readiness for comfort care conflicted with her family’s denial. Individual CBT would have been beneficial in addressing her anxiety, insecurities, and depression, allowing for a healthier transition to family sessions.

CBT for Depression:

CBT, recognized for its evidence-based efficacy, particularly shines in treating depression (Driessen et al., 2017). However, challenges arise when individuals are not fully engaged, harbor doubts about the treatment’s effectiveness, or possess unresolved individual issues. These challenges underscore the need for a flexible and individualized approach, even within the broader framework of CBT.

Conclusion:

In navigating the landscape of CBT applications, practitioners must carefully consider the unique needs of each client. While CBT is a powerful tool, its success relies on addressing individual barriers and tailoring therapeutic approaches to specific circumstances. Whether in group, family, or individual settings, the adaptability of CBT provides a solid foundation, but the key lies in recognizing and addressing individual nuances.

References:

Kellett, S., Clarke, S., & Matthews, L. (2007). Delivering Group Psychoeducational CBT in Primary Care: Comparing Outcomes with Individual CBT and Individual Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Psychotherapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(2).

Söchting, I., Lau, M., & Ogrodniczuk, J. (2018). Predicting Compliance in Group CBT Using the Group Therapy Questionnaire. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 68(2).

Driessen, E., Van, H. L., Peen, J., Don, F. J., Twisk, J. W. R., Cuijpers, P., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2017). Cognitive-Behavioral Versus Psychodynamic Therapy for Major Depression: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 85(7).

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings Example Essay Four

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has proven efficacy in treating various psychiatric disorders, presenting itself as an adaptable intervention available in individual, family, or group settings (Naik et al., 2013). While individual and family therapies have their merits, Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) emerges as a promising alternative, particularly in scenarios where delivering extensive treatment to a larger number of patients is logistically challenging.

Efficacy Across Disorders:

Research indicates that CBT, whether delivered individually or in a group, is highly effective across diverse conditions, including unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, bulimia nervosa, and more (Naik et al., 2013). This versatility positions CBT as a valuable therapeutic tool, adaptable to different settings based on patient needs.

Cost-Effectiveness of Group CBT:

One notable advantage of GCBT is its cost-effectiveness. In particular, group treatment has demonstrated economic benefits, especially in cases involving children and adolescents with conditions like anxiety disorders and depression (Hedman et al., 2010). The reduction in medical and nonmedical costs contributes to a societal cost offset, making GCBT a pragmatic solution in resource-limited healthcare environments.

Challenges and Considerations:

Despite its potential, challenges exist in implementing GCBT, including the scarcity of properly trained therapists and associated high costs in family settings (Hedman et al., 2010). Additionally, the acceptability and efficacy of GCBT need to be explored further in real-world mental health settings to ensure its applicability and benefits in diverse populations.

Addressing Healthcare Resource Limitations:

As healthcare resources become increasingly constrained, the demand for cost-effective treatments rises. GCBT aligns with this demand by offering a time- and cost-efficient therapeutic approach, potentially reducing societal costs associated with sick leave and healthcare consumption (Hedman et al., 2010).

Conclusion:

Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy stands out as a promising and cost-effective approach in mental health treatment. Its effectiveness across various disorders and potential societal cost offsets position it as a valuable addition to the therapeutic toolkit. Future research and implementation efforts should focus on addressing challenges and expanding our understanding of GCBT’s acceptability and efficacy in diverse mental health settings.

References:

Naik, A., O’Brien, A., Gaskin, C., Munro, I., & Bloomer, M. (2013). The Acceptability and Efficacy of a Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Programme in a Community Mental Health Setting. Community Mental Health Journal, 49(3), 368–372.

Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Andersson, E., Rück, C., Andersson, G., & Lindefors, N. (2010). Effectiveness and cost offset analysis of group CBT for hypochondriasis delivered in a psychiatric setting: an open trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(4), 239–250.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Group Settings Versus Family Settings Example Essay Five

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) stands as a cornerstone in evidence-based therapeutic practices, adaptable to individual, group, and family settings. The integration of CBT into family therapy is rooted in Thibaut and Kelley’s theory of social exchange, emphasizing the interplay of rewards and sacrifices within relationships to maintain homeostasis (Nichols, 2014).

In both group and family CBT, the concept of schemas plays a pivotal role. Schemas represent core beliefs shaping individuals’ responses, consciously or unconsciously (Wheeler, 2014). However, challenges arise when group members attempt to bring their family schemas into the group setting, potentially complicating the therapeutic process (Wheeler, 2014). Moreover, the focus on restructuring activities in group CBT, as highlighted by Bjornsson et al. (2011), may impede the formation of crucial group dynamics, limiting the effectiveness of the therapy.

In my practicum experience, maintaining a focus on the present and fostering change-oriented goals has been a significant aspect of group therapy. Group members often grapple with reconciling past experiences that led to their behaviors, necessitating the therapist’s effort to anchor discussions in the present (Wheeler, 2014). Conversely, family therapy sessions have presented distinct challenges, particularly in blending disparate family schemas into a cohesive unit. The complexities are heightened when families are navigating the unique dynamics associated with having autistic children, necessitating the creation of new schemas to accommodate these circumstances.

The effectiveness of CBT in various settings also hinges on addressing the nuances of each therapeutic context. While family therapy may encounter struggles in blending family schemas, group therapy, as observed by Bjornsson et al. (2011), may face obstacles in establishing cohesive group dynamics. These challenges underscore the importance of tailoring CBT approaches to suit the specific needs of each setting.

In conclusion, CBT’s versatility in individual, group, and family settings underscores its adaptability to diverse therapeutic contexts. As therapists navigate the complexities of group and family dynamics, a nuanced understanding of schemas and a focus on present-oriented goals remain paramount in achieving positive outcomes.

References:

Bjornsson, A. S., Bidwell, C., Brosse, A. L., Carey, G., Hauser, M., Mackiewicz, K. L., … Craighead, W. E. (2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy Versus Group Psychotherapy For Social Anxiety Disorder Among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Depression and Anxiety, 28(11), 1034-1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20877

Nichols, M. (2014). The Essentials of Family Therapy (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Wheeler, K. (2014). Psychotherapy for the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

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