NSG4067 Gerontological Nursing Course Assignments & Discussions Study Guide

Table of Contents

NSG4067: Gerontological Nursing Course Assignments & Discussions Study Guide

NSG4067: Gerontological Nursing Course Description

Credits 4.0

This course provides registered nurses with an overview of the common issues affecting the health care needs of gerontological adults. Theories of aging are reviewed as well as common physiological, psychological, and social changes experienced by the population. Students are provided with assessment tools and strategies to improve nursing practice with older adults. Major foci of this course include promoting wellness and safety, prevention and assessment of elderly neglect or abuse and other legal/ethical concerns. Health promotion of the Gerontologic client in diverse health care settings will be reviewed.

Prerequisites

None

Corequisites

None

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NSG4067: Gerontological Nursing Course Syllabus & Assignments Summary

NSG 4067 Week 1 Discussion sample paper

NSG 4067 Week 2 Discussion sample paper

NSG 4067 Week 2 Project – Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person sample paper

NSG 4067 Week 3 Discussion sample paper

NSG 4067 Week 4 Discussion sample paper

NSG 4067 Week 4 Project – Analysis of an Age-Related Topic Sample Paper

NSG 4067 Week 5 Discussion sample paper

You can also read another study guide on nursing assignments for students from another post on NSG4068: Trends in Healthcare Policy Course Assignments & Discussions.

NSG 4067 Week 1 Discussion

Discuss your philosophy of aging.

When do you think a person becomes elderly?

What do you think of older people?

Are they active, senile, debilitated, etc.?

Describe an older adult that you.

NSG 4067 Week 1 Discussion Sample

My parents are very active and part of the baby boomer generation. My father is 67 and still working; my mother is 65 and works. In addition to their jobs, they both remain physically active in various outdoor activities such as bicycling and hiking. My philosophy of aging reflects upon my parents’ lifestyles as they age. If you live a sedentary lifestyle earlier, you will likely be sedentary when you age. I work at a local hospital adjacent to The Villages, FL, a large retirement community. Throughout my care for this patient population, I have seen how aging has affected many elderly adults with active or passive lifestyles. I believe aging is what you make it. Living a sedentary lifestyle at one age can result in poor health outcomes and increased morbidity and mortality rates (Theou et al., 2017).

I believe one reaches the title of elderly when they can no longer care for themselves as they once did. This does not necessarily relate to chronological age but to the point when the person can no longer be independent. I have cared for patients in their 80s and 90s who still live active lifestyles. I would not consider them elderly. Instead, I would categorize them just as aging adults. However, I have cared for patients in their 50s and 60s who cannot carry out their normal activities of daily living (ADLs), are considered failures to thrive, and have multiple co-morbidities affecting their health. I consider people in this category to be elderly and not aging adults. The active patients in their 80’s and 90’s, who I consider to be aging adults, align with the description in our textbook. Successful aging involves an active and non-sedentary lifestyle, positive thinking processes, increased cognitive and physical abilities, and limited co-morbidities (Miller, 2019). My grandmother is 87 years old and is a prime example of this classification. She is still very active and healthy. She only has reduced hearing and restless-leg syndrome with no other health disparities. She never stops and is always on the go. From yardwork and house-cleaning to grocery shopping, she never misses a beat. I believe her active lifestyle in her younger years has led her to be optimally healthy and active at her age. I hope to achieve that same health when I am her age by maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle just as she has.

References

Miller, C.A. (2019). Nursing for wellness in older adults (8th ed.). [Vital Source digital version]. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Theou, O., Blodgett, J. M., Godin, J., & Rockwood, K. (2017). Association between sedentary time and mortality across levels of frailty. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 52(4), 1534-1549. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.161034.

NSG 4067 SU Wk 2 Physiological & Social Changes of Elderly Discussion

Description

The discussion assignment provides a forum for discussing relevant topics for this week on the basis of the course competencies covered. For this assignment, make sure you post your initial response to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned and complete your participation for this assignment by Day 7. To support your work, use your course and text readings and also use resources from the South University Online Library.

As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Support your work, using your course lectures and textbook readings. Helpful APA guides and resources are available in the South University Online Library. Below are guides that are located in the library and can be accessed and downloaded via the South University Online Citation Resources: APA Style page. The American Psychological Association website also provides detailed guidance on formatting, citations, and references at APA Style.
• APA Citation Helper
• APA Citations Quick Sheet
• APA-Style Formatting Guidelines for a Written Essay
• Basic Essay Template

Begin reviewing and replying to peer postings/responses early in the week to enhance peer discussion. See the rubric for participation points. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing viewpoints with a rationale, challenging aspects of the discussion, or indicating relationships between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion. Always use constructive language, even in criticism, to work toward the goal of positive progress.

TASK

Post your initial response to one of the two topics below.

Topic 1

Age related changes can affect the lifestyle/quality of life of the elderly.

What do you think are the two most prevalent age-related changes that affect the lifestyle of the elderly?
How would you help an elderly patient adjust to the two changes you identified?

Topic 2

Communication with the elderly can be challenging.

Identify at least two modes of communication you have used with the elderly in your clinical practice.
State what modes of communication were effective and which modes were challenging. Explain why.

NSG 4067 SCC Week 2 Planning Care for an Elderly Person Project

Description

Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person

In order to gain an insight into the world of elder adults, it is important to understand how they view themselves and the values they hold. Additionally it is important to assess and determine his/her needs and establish appropriate interventions for this individual.

In a Microsoft Word document of 4-5 pages formatted in APA style, you will discuss your interview of an older adult. This person cannot be a patient in your clinical setting. You can use a friend, family member, or co-worker. The older adult must be age 65 years or older.
There are two parts to this assignment – the psychosocial interview component and the functional assessment.

Interview

Download the patient questionnaire. Use this format to record the person’s responses.

Include 2–3 questions of your own to get a complete picture of the older adult.
Summarize your findings.
Include the questionnaire with responses in the Appendix of your paper.

Assessment

After gaining permission, conduct a physical and mental functional assessment of the older adult you have chosen. Review your readings for the process of a functional assessment.

Use the tools discussed this week to complete a comprehensive assessment of your patient. Search the Internet for resources on these tools.
- Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation
- Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living
- Assessment of Home Safety
- The Barthel Index
- Do not include a name on each tool, but do include professional or other designation, and age. Your name should also be identified on the tool.
  - Include these tools in the Appendix.
Based on your assessment:
- Compare and contrast the age-related changes of the older person you interviewed and assessed with those identified in this week’s reading assignment.
- Identify at least 4–6 preliminary issues.
- Identify three alterations in health that you would propose and describe them.
- Identify a minimum of three comprehensive interventions for each alteration.
- Integrate cultural considerations in your interventions.

Patient Questionnaire

INTERVIEW OF CHOSEN ELDER ADULT

Name: ________________________________ Age: ________________

Brief Introduction (Background information):

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Philosophy on living a long life

Thoughts about when a person is considered “too old”

Opinion on the status and treatment of older adults

Beliefs about health and illness

Health promotion activities he or she participates in

Something special that helped the person live so long

Life span of other family members

Special dietary traditions in patient’s culture attributed with aiding long life

Any remedies/medications that have been handed down in family/group. If yes, describe. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Patient’s description of current and past health status

The values that guided life so far

Additional Questions

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Summary

Contrast of client’s responses with findings in current literature

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NSG 4067 Week 2 Project-Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person Sample

Old age is defined as nearing the end of the human cycle. There is a fundamental difference between young and old age regarding health and physiological, functional, and physical components. Planning and accessing care for older adults is a process that diverse stakeholders have adopted to enhance and prolong their lives. Although accessing and planning care for an older adult is a continuous process, a sharp contrast exists in age-related changes in older adults.

Compare and contrast the age-related changes of the older person you interviewed and assessed with those identified in this week’s reading assignment.

Identify at least 4–6 preliminary issues.

The current literature and Gregory’s interview response shared similarities in age-related changes observed between the two components. Similar preliminary issues observed include Gait, balance, and stability changes, independence functionality changes, performance activity changes, and safety evaluation changes. First, the Gait, balance, and stability changes issue. Fall is essential to the Gait, balance, and stability issues. Moreover, most old-age people suffer from the fall problem (Parveen & Noohu, 2017, p. 30). Hence, this sky rocks the costs related to the falls, such as surgery, the equipment required, the hospitalization bill, and rehabilitation. Again, both the interview and the current literature share this issue.

Furthermore, the costs related to physical, personal, and emotional support significantly affect elderly individuals. Falls are estimated to result in serious injuries leading to disabilities, death, and high healthcare costs for aged individuals. Fall incidences increase with the increase in old age. The population older than 65 can fall at least once a year.

The Tinetti balance and Gait evaluation is a methodology developed to measure Gait and balance, especially in the older generations.

Furthermore, the scale was developed to measure the elderly individuals’ balance and stability while undertaking physical activities. The Gait and balance mainly consider the abnormal knee extension and inability to turn during walking observed in old age. The lack of Gait and harmony among the elderly indicates health problems primarily associated with a lack of strength in the elderly knees. Second, independence functionality changes. The functionality changes in the older population are evident through the frequent health problems depicted. There is support from both the interview response questions and the current literature. The Katz index of independence in daily living activities explains the functionality changes. The Katz ADL tool is used as the primary instrument to assess the functional status of older people in their ability to undertake their activities independently. Most health practitioners use the tool to detect problems associated with performing activities in their daily living (Mlinac & Feng, 2016, p. 510).

Moreover, the tool index rank is based on the six performance functions: bathing, dressing, transferring, feeding, and continence. The tool ranks the elderly ability to perform the six tasks on a yes and no. Notably, a score of six will indicate that the older adult is fully functional, a score of four will indicate moderate impairment, and a score of two and below shows that the person suffers from severe functional impairment. The current literature and the interview response depict a similar trend in the functionality decline in the elderly population.

Gregory, the interviewee, stated that he experienced a reduced functionality problem in the activities, identical to the current literature within the Karl ADL tool. Third, home safety evaluation changes. The contemporary literature supports assessing the elderly living environment, with the primary goal of improving home safety for older people. The primary motivation of the safety evaluation is maintaining a balance between the patient and the environment, with the end goal being to minimize injuries to the elderly while they are home.

NSG 4067 Week 2 Project-Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person

Moreover, in most cases, caregivers are tasked with identifying specific aspects that may be unsafe and later advise the family on the improvement needed. Similarly, most family members prefer to transfer their elderly relatives to caregiving homes where the safety evaluation is prioritized. However, Gregory’s interview response tends to differ; he advocates that older adults’ relatives should undertake the safety assessment and care for their loved ones instead of transferring them to caregiving homes. So forth, performance activity changes. The Barthel index is similar to Karl ADL, though it measures performance activities in the elderly daily living. However, the Barthel index focuses mainly on the assistance degree an elderly individual requires on a scale of ten mobility items.

Furthermore, the Barthel index integrates ten personal activities. Similarly, Gregory’s interview response supported the Barthel index by indicating a shift in performance activity levels between the old and young generations. When most people get to old age, their intensity to perform activities reduces.

Identify three alterations in health that you would propose and describe them. Identify a minimum of three comprehensive interventions for each alteration. Integrate cultural considerations in your interventions.

I would propose three alterations within the health sector to prevent the preliminary issues prevalent in old age. The alterations include the formation of therapy departments, the enhanced undertaking of home safety evaluation, and improved analysis of problem detection tools. First, the construction of therapy departments. One of the fundamental goals of health is the promotion of care, and such a therapy department is a critical component in enhancing the health of older people through the prevention of fall incidents. To make the alterations dream a reality, the following interventions must be undertaken: a comprehensive evaluation of the home environment, both the internal and the external environment factors.

Moreover, the environment is assessed, and dangerous obstacles such as stairs and poor lighting are eliminated. Also, home aid kits are to be added at home to facilitate faster treatment of injuries. The cultural intervention would be introducing Tai Chi programs to promote mobility. Second, an enhanced evaluation of home safety evaluation (Pega et al., 2016, p. 420). The improved safety evaluation would balance the patient and the environment. The following interventions would be undertaken: hiring an occupational therapist to visit and assess older people and their home environment, a deep analysis of the home aspects, and removing things that seem unsafe for older people. And lastly, the cultural introduction would educate older people on the importance of home safety. Third, enhanced analysis of problem detection tool. To achieve the desired results in detecting health problems among the elderly, there is a need to improve the available tools to help catch the issues earlier. The interventions would be to train the health personnel on using the devices. The elderly should visit the health centers frequently for diagnosis, and the cultural intervention would be peer education for the elders on the need for frequent hospital diagnosis.

Conclusion

Old age is a critical component in life. Hence, planning and accessing care for older people is a continuous process incorporating various techniques and stakeholders. The above methods and interventions need to be adopted and implemented for the healthy living of old people.

References

Mlinac, M. E., & Feng, M. C. (2016). Assessment of activities of daily living, self-care, and independence. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(6), 506-516.

Parveen, H., & Noohu, M. M. (2017). Evaluation of psychometric properties of Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment scale in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 36, 25-32.

Pega, F. et al., (2016). Home safety assessment and modification to reduce injurious falls in community-dwelling older adults: cost-utility and equity analysis. Injury prevention, 22(6), 420- 426.

NSG 4067 Week 3 Discussion-Wellness in the Elderly

Develop a wellness program with a holistic approach for the older adult you identified in your week 2

Use resources available in your community.

Discuss how this approach will provide an optimum level of well-being.

NSG 4067 Week 3 Discussion-Wellness in the Elderly

A holistic approach to nursing integrates the mind, body, and spirit with the patient’s physical and mental capabilities to promote optimal wellness and treat the whole person (Miller, 2019). For my week two project, I interviewed my 87-year-old grandfather, R.L. He had a long career as a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist and retired twelve years ago. He has a history of myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, dual implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement, and three cardiac ablations. He was relatively healthy until ten years ago.

Although he attempts to maintain a positive outlook on life, he has bouts of depression from feeling socially isolated and a decreased energy level. He walks his dog daily, which is an excellent form of exercise, but he could benefit even more by participating in an exercise program at our local wellness center. A wellness coach at the center can educate him on the importance of exercise and develop an individualized exercise program for him. Older adults might be more willing to comply with an exercise program if they recognize the physical and mental health benefits they can attain from them. Furthermore, they may be more likely to participate in exercise programs if they are personalized to their specific functional abilities (Miller, 2019). This could assist him in increasing his energy level as well as give him an additional social outlet to reduce his depression. Another way to reduce his depression and increase his functional mobility is yoga. Yoga is an exercise that involves the mind, body, and spirit. It has been proven to reduce anxiety, depression, and pain. Also, yoga has improved sleep and overall quality of life (Hamrick et al., 2017). Our local wellness center has a yoga program. R.L. can become involved with yoga to decrease his depression and improve his mobility. Education will be provided on the benefits of yoga. A yoga instructor from the program can further educate him and develop a tailored plan to meet his needs.

R.L. has impaired gate and balance deficits, which can increase his fall risk. This is especially concerning as he wishes to remain independent for as long as possible. Older people’s most prevalent fall risk factors are impaired balance, weakness, polypharmacy drug usage, and environmental hazards (Tiefenbachová & Zeleníková, 2019). He uses a cane to walk long distances but uses no walking aids in his home. A referral by his primary care provider for home physical therapy would be beneficial. He can be assessed for his gait and balance, and physical therapy can recommend a walking aid that is appropriate for him to utilize inside and outside his home. R.L. takes a small number of cardiac medications, which are necessary for his condition. Educational material will be provided to him on potential side effects and interactions. He has environmental hazards in his home that increase his risk for falls. My grandmother loves to throw rugs, and they are everywhere in their home.

NSG 4067 Week 3 Discussion-Wellness in the Elderly

R.L. and my grandmother can be educated on removing environmental hazards such as throw rugs. An alternative solution can be presented, such as stabilizing mats under rugs in their home to prevent shifting while walking on them. An educational pamphlet will be given to R.L. on the safety hazards in his home, along with emergency phone numbers in case of a fall (Tiefenbachová & Zeleníková, 2019). Also, he needs railings in his home’s front and back entrances and visible markings on his raised thresholds. A leaflet will be provided with information on the specific modifications he needs to make and how to install them. This will include a list of local contractors installing these items (Tiefenbachová & Zeleníková, 2019).

R.L. has maintained a healthy diet all his life. However, as he and my grandmother become less able to cook all their meals, they have turned to more processed foods high in sodium. My local hospital’s dieticians can provide educational materials on reduced sodium and heart-healthy diets.

R.L. will also be shown how to regularly check food labels for sodium content. Sodium levels should be less than 1500 mg per day. With his diagnosis of congestive heart failure, this can reduce his fluid retention and increase his energy levels. As a result, he will have an increased ability to participate in his activities of daily living (Miller, 2019).

All of the interventions in R.L.’s wellness program will significantly enhance his overall quality of life. Determinants of optimal living and well-being include exercise, social interaction, and relationship development (Miller, 2019). Physical activity will increase his mobility and social interaction; therefore, it will enhance his functionality, reduce depression, and grow a positive mindset. HProper mobility assistance and a reduction of environmental hazards will increase his functional ability and decrease his risk for falls (Tiefenbachová & Zeleníková, 2019). Also, dietary modifications will increase his energy level. All these aspects work together to promote the enhancement of the mind, body, and spirit encompassed in a holistic approach (Miller, 2019). R.L. will have a greater chance of living his life to the fullest and achieve maximum independence despite his health conditions and limitations.

References

Hamrick, I., Mross, P., Nate, C., & Smith, P. D. (2017). Yoga’s effect on falls in rural, older adults. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 35, 57-63. doi:http://dx.doi.org.su.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.09.007

Miller, C.A. (2019). Nursing for wellness in older adults (8^th ed.). [VitalSource Digital Version]. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Tiefenbachová, P., & Zeleníková, R. (2019). The effect of educational intervention by a nurse on home environmental risk factors for falls. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 10(2), 1019-1025. doi:http://dx.doi.org.su.idm.oclc.org/10.15452/CEJNM.2019.10.0009

NSG 4067 Southeastern Community College Wk 4 Aging and Social Isolation Analysis

Description

Analysis of an Age Related Topic

Include the following in your analysis:

Define the problem.

Identify the specific population affected.

Describe cultural implications.

Describe financial/legal/ethical implications for the population related to the problem.
Describe 2-3 interventions that can be used to improve the problem.
Describe resources available to improve the problem.
Describe costs associated with the interventions identified.
Discussed sustainability of the interventions.

Type:

Essay (any type)

Service:

Writing

Pages:

5 pages / 1375 words (Double spacing)

Level:

College

Language:

English (US)

Deadline:

Oct 23, 11:30 PM

Topic:

Analysis of an Age Related topic

Subject:

Nursing

Sources:

1 source required

Style:

APA 7th edition

Description

Analysis of an Age Related Topic In a Microsoft Word document of 5-6 pages formatted in APA style conduct in-depth analysis of a pertinent topic related to aging. Include the following in your analysis: Define the problem. Identify the specific population affected. Describe cultural implications. Describe financial/legal/ethical implications for the population related to the problem. Describe 2-3 interventions that can be used to improve the problem. Describe resources available to improve the problem. Describe costs associated with the interventions identified. Discussed sustainability of the interventions. Support your responses with examples. On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format. The American Psychological Association website also provides detailed guidance on formatting, citations, and references at APA Style. • APA Citation Helper • APA Citations Quick Sheet • APA-Style Formatting Guidelines for a Written Essay • Basic Essay Template

NSG 4067 Week 4 Project-Analysis of an Age-Related Topic Sample Paper

Definition of the problem

Aging comes with various progressive diseases. Among the progressive conditions that affect individuals is Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s is an advanced, permanent disease that gradually obliterates memory and intellectual skills, eventually affecting an individual’s ability to carry out simple and minor tasks (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). Usually, Alzheimer’s disease affects persons in their mid-60s, whereby more than six million Americans have dementia, initially caused by Alzheimer’s (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). The leading cause of Alzheimer’s is an abdominal accumulation of proteins in and around the brain’s cells. The proteins that build up around and in the brain comprise tau, the main protein (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). Also, amyloid proteins accumulate around the brain cells, eventually forming plagues that affect the brain’s functioning.

Specific affected population

Alzheimer’s mainly affects individuals in their mid-sixties. According to a CDC report, more than five million people in the United States live with Alzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). Mostly, the ailment begins at the age of sixty, where the symptoms and effects of the disease progress. According to the CDC, the affected population has increased over time, whereby the number of patients recorded multiplies twice after five years (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). The ailment is associated with aging; thus, it is a risk factor among individuals. In the United States, at least one person among ten people aged sixty-five years and above is affected by Alzheimer’s disease, which later results in dementia when the individuals reach eighty-five (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). Alzheimer’s tends to worsen over time, making it a progressive disease that is associated with symptoms of dementia (Burke et al., 2018). According to the Alzheimer’s Association (2019), more than 200,000 individuals below sixty-five years experience early symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

Cultural implications of Alzheimer

The number of patients with Alzheimer’s is increasing over time, resulting in the number of patients coming from different races in the United States (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). Therefore, the percentage of patients with Alzheimer’s is a record from the existing diverse cultural communities. Findings from studies indicate that many African Americans have Alzheimer’s since the cultural group is proliferating (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). Also, African Americans are less likely to acquire Alzheimer’s due to their eating habits and lifestyles. According to Arranz and De Strooper (2019), the existing cultural values affect the rate at which Alzheimer’s disease spreads. Since the disease is associated with the lifestyle one is accustomed to, Whites are at a higher risk of acquiring the condition due to their eating habits and cultural values.

Financial/legal/ethical implications for the population related to Alzheimer

Since Alzheimer’s disease is an ailment associated with persons aged sixty- five years and above, the condition results in serious health problems that necessitate finances to treat (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). The state is associated with financial exploitation since the treatment and prevention of the disease using any money. According to the Alzheimer’s Association (2019), treatment of the disease costs at least $74 per patient, exclusive of home care services. The cost of treating one patient per year sums up to $ 105,850 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). For that reason, the financial implications brought about by Alzheimer’s significantly affect the impacted population.

The ethical implications for the population related to Alzheimer’s result from the ethical issues brought about during care delivery. Ethically, Alzheimer’s disease is associated with a particular lifestyle whereby a group of vulnerable individuals is affected (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). The legal implications are linked to the number of legal patients and legal issues associated with the disease. The severe impediments of the disease are related to dementia the inability to think correctly, thus the need for legal implications.

Interventions used to improve Alzheimer’s.

Alzheimer’s is associated with aging, making the disease a common cause of dementia among the aged. According to Tassy et al. (2019), the major issue with Alzheimer’s disease is that the illness affects the neuro-functioning of aging individuals. Over time, scholars have come together to formulate possible interventions to improve Alzheimer’s progressive disease. The interventions are;

Social interactions

Once individuals are exposed to social engagements, the chances of developing Alzheimer’s symptoms are minimized. Social interactions are effective interventions to improve Alzheimer’s because experts have verified that once the human brain is socially engaged, the brain becomes active, reducing the chances of developing Alzheimer’s, which progresses and leads to dementia (Rajasekhar and Govindaraju, 2018). Social interactions can be carried out through engagement with friends and social media platforms such as Facebook.

Regular exercise

According to the Alzheimer’s Association (2019), regular exercise is one of the most appropriate interventions for improving Alzheimer’s progressive disease among the aged. Rajasekhar and Govindaraju (2018) stated that regular exercise minimizes the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease by at least fifty percent. When the target population is subjected to regular physical activity, the target group gets a better opportunity to prevent the accumulation of proteins around and in the brain, thus minimizing the chances of acquiring the disease.

NSG 4067 Week 4 Project-Analysis of an Age-Related Topic

Incorporating healthy diets

Alzheimer’s is associated with a specific lifestyle connected to the diets that one is subjected to. Integrating healthy eating habits is an effective remedy to improve Alzheimer’s since the ailment is associated with poor eating habits (Rajasekhar and Govindaraju, 2018). Consuming high sugar content, carbohydrates, and alcohol affects the brain metabolism, which might result in Alzheimer’s. The foods that affect brain metabolism result in brain diabetes,, commonly known as Alzheimer’s. Therefore, eating healthy foods is essential for mitigating Alzheimer’s progressive disease.

Resources available to mitigate Alzheimer

For the CDC and doctors to mitigate Alzheimer’s, there are resources required. Resources are necessary since patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s require intensive care and reserves, which provide care to the patients in the patients during their early stages. When Alzheimer’s patients are offered intensive care during the early stages of the ailment, managing and controlling the condition becomes easy (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). The available resources to mitigate Alzheimer’s include human resources from faith-based groups. On the other hand, financial resources are not fully open to help control Alzheimer’s.

Costs associated with the interventions identified.

Interventions associated with Alzheimer’s necessitate finances to implement the interventions (Reed et al., 2020). Alzheimer’s progressive disease mainly results in dementia among patients. Alzheimer’s also caused 0.2% of the deaths recorded in adults aged sixty-five years old and above in the United States (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). Due to the increased risks caused by Alzheimer’s progressive ailment, the United States government has set aside a healthcare sector to deal with the disease (Reed et al., 2020). Professionals, including occupational therapists, physiotherapists, chiropodists, optometrists, and language therapists, are dedicated to implementing interventions (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019).

In 2020, the projected cost of Alzheimer’s treatment in the United States was approximately $306 billion. The prices are expected to increase over time since the number of patients with Alzheimer’s is anticipated to increase (Reed, 2020). Due to the increase in the number of patients, the cost of treatment may sum up to a trillion dollars. The cost of intervention recorded in 2020 does not include the cost of home-care services provided by caregivers; thus, intervening measures are more costly for ordinary citizens and the nation.

Medicare and Medicaid also contribute to the enactment of possible prevention and improvement measures for Alzheimer’s.

Sustainability of the interventions

The interventions stated above are effective in preventing and controlling Alzheimer’s. The interventions are projected to become sustainable since the suggested interventions have been tested and highly contribute to preventing progressive disease (Reed et al., 2020). Interventions such as incorporating healthy diets, consistent exercising, and social interactions ought to control Alzheimer’s disease. Also, good nutrition aids in mitigation measures since diet is essential.

Conclusion

Alzheimer’s is an ailment that is associated with aging, and it results in dementia. Alzheimer’s primarily affects the old aged between sixty-five years and above. For that reason, Alzheimer’s is a progressive ailment that is associated with the old. Alzheimer’s progressive disease is associated with cultural implications since the disease is linked to the lifestyle that an individual is accustomed to. Alzheimer’s is financially draining since the cost of treatment is expensive.

References

Alzheimer’s Association. (2019). 2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & dementia, 15(3), 321-387.

Arranz, A. M., & De Strooper, B. (2019). The role of astroglia in Alzheimer’s disease: pathophysiology and clinical implications. The Lancet Neurology, 18(4), 406-414.

Burke, S. L., Cadet, T., Alcide, A., O’Driscoll, J., & Maramaldi, P. (2018). Psychosocial risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease: the associative effect of depression, sleep disturbance, and anxiety. Aging & mental health, 22(12), 1577-1584.

Rajasekhar, K., & Govindaraju, T. (2018). Current progress, challenges, and prospects of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer’s disease. RSC advances, 8(42), 23780-23804.

Reed, C., Belger, M., Andrews, J. S., Tockhorn-Heidenreich, A., Jones, R. W., Wimo, A., … & Haro, J. M. (2020). Factors associated with long-term impact on informal caregivers during Alzheimer’s Disease dementia progression: 36-month results from GERAS. International psychogeriatrics, 32(2), 267-277.

Tassy, S., Konsta, A., & Azorin, J. M. (2019). Neurobiology of Aging. In Psychobiology of Behaviour (pp. 161-170). Springer, Cham.

NSG 4067 Week 5 Discussion: Elder Abuse Discussion

Description

In addition to the legal issues and the financial challenges that the aging population face in accessing appropriate healthcare services, many older adults are also at risk of elder abuse. Elder abuse is more than the infliction of physical harm. The National Center on Elder Abuse Administration on Aging (NCEA) purports that no one knows how many people are suffering from elder abuse and neglect. The center also supports the claim that female elders are abused at a higher rate than males and that the older one is, the more likely one is to be abused (NCEA, 2015).

Tasks:

In a minimum of 200 words, post your response to the following:

There are many types of elder abuse. Choose two types and discuss the challenges you perceive in abolishing them. Justify why you consider them as the most crucial. Discuss how you can advocate for the elderly and protect them from abuse.

Submission Details:

By the due date assigned, post your responses to this Discussion Area.
Through the end of the module, read all of your classmates’ postings and respond to at least two classmates’ posts that differ from your opinion. Consider sharing your own experiences and interpretation of the research. Support your findings with examples and scholarly references. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

Reference:

National Center on Elder Abuse Administration of Aging (NCEA). (2015). Elder abuse. Retrieved from http://www.ncea.aoa.gov/index.aspx

NSG 4067 Week 5 Discussion Sample One

##Anna

Elder Abuse

Elder abuse has been in civilization since ancient times. Shakespeare’s writings and literature, as well as Greek mythology, contain evidence of elderly mistreatment. Despite its persistent prevalence throughout history, elderly violence has only recently received considerable attention. The growing number of elderly Americans is the primary cause for this newfound awareness of an old problem (National Center for Crime Victims). Because of the few assigned tasks, elder abuse is more widespread in current times than in ancient times (Blake, 2019). In previous generations, members of prominent extended families shared the responsibility of caring for the elderly.

Sexual Abuse of the Elderly

Sexual abuse happens when an older person is engaged in any form of intercourse without the individual’s permission. Sure, victims of sexual abuse, such dementia or Alzheimer’s, cannot grant permission to health treatments. The rules regarding consent for medical purposes differ from state to state. Numerous challenges hamper actions towards eradicating this type of abuse for the elderly. For innumerable reasons, elder abuse is significantly underreported, including a lack of accurate national metrics to record elder abuse and a lack of a consistent method of reporting (Blake, 2019). Factor in guilt, confusion, and fear for victim revenge, communication problems due to Alzheimer’s illness, and other cognitive abnormalities are internal factors that prevent the eradication of this form of abuse since it renders the victim unable to communicate to people about their experiences; thus, a lot of the elderly wind up in silence. The results are disturbing even when elderly sexual assault has been reported (Sahar et al., 2019). Not only are elderly victims of sexual assaults not regularly assessed to ascertain their psychological health, but abusers are also less likely to be prosecuted if physical harm does not appear. These factors of importance draw attention to why sexual abuse for the elderly should be made a priority.

Financial Abuse of the Elderly

Financial abuse consists of the misuse or acquisition of property and finances without the full knowledge and permission of the person of older adults. A person who is not competent does not represent or act in the best interest of that individual (Sahar et al., 2019). Usually, the abuser is a spouse or partner, a family member (typically an adult), a caregiver, a friend, or a trusted person in the elder person’s life. Other types of abuse, such as mental abuse, physical abuse, or denial of rights, are often accompanied by financial abuse.

Financing abuse happens whenever the need, entitlement, or greed for money of a person is more than the capacity of a parent or another older adult to remain fair, honest and compassionate. There are expectations and assumptions in certain societies regarding who will inherit money or property from parents (Miller, 2018). Older parents and their grown-up children may utilize banking equipment or shared accounts but not understand the risk. Financial abuse is more frequent during the health crises of an older adult or following severe health changes. Some elderly individuals feel vulnerable when their wife, lover, or close friend dies. Thus, the health crisis and weakness of elderly adults is usually a barrier that prevents the elderly from accessing their wealth.

Financial abuse of the elderly is an essential aspect of the lives of the elderly since statistics note that either relatives or close associates often dupe many older adults to abandon their wealth. As a result, suffering is usually left as their portion because of being prevented from accessing their wealth. Moreover, during the old ages of life, the elderly typically have no energy or means to fight for what is theirs. Thus, they need to be assisted in acquiring what rightfully belongs to them.

How to Protect the Elderly from Abuse

There are a variety of factors that might enhance or reduce the likelihood of elder abuse. To prevent elder abuse, the variables which endanger or protect individuals from violence must be understood and addressed. For instance, listen to older persons and caregivers to understand and support their problems is encouraged as it will reveal whether abuse has happened. In addition, reporting abuse or alleged abuse to local adult protection services helps the abuser to face the law and thus prevents a future occurrence of the abuse. Finally, supporting overburdened caregivers, such as assistance from friends, family, or local relief care organizations, adult day care programs, counseling outlets to improve mental well-being assistance in terms of vigilance in the abuse of the elderly.

References

Blake, M. (2019). Protecting Older Persons from Life-Threatening and Fatal Abuse: Should Western Australian Criminal Law Do More. UW Austl. L. Rev., 45, 195.

Miller, C. A. (2018). Nursing for Wellness in Older Adults. [South University]. Retrieved from https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/9781975100735/

Sahar, J., Rekawati, E., &Wati, D. N. K. (2019). Improving The Health and Functional Status of Institutionalized Older Adults Through The Nurse, Caregiver, and Older-Adults Partnership Model (Miradasia). JurnalKeperawatan Indonesia, 22(2), 101-109.

##Ashley

Exploitation is defined as the “illegal taking, misuse, or concealment of funds, property, or assets of a senior for someone else’s benefit” (Miller, 2018, p. 163). Exploitation occurs when an elderly person is taken advantage of by another person for their own benefit. This often occurs with someone who is close to the elderly person. Risk factors associated with exploitation include having a physical disability, those of female sex and African Americans. It may be challenging to end exploitation because it occurs as the elderly progress to a more vulnerable state (Miller, 2018). This may mean that the individual no longer has the mental capacity to make independent decisions. If this is the case then the elderly would need someone to make decisions for them. It may also be difficult for an elderly individual to alert others of exploitation if they have a physical or cognitive impairment. Exploitation is crucial because the elderly individual is dependent upon what finances they have to last them for the rest of their life. Healthcare expenses can be very costly, especially for those who need a significant amount of medical care. They not only need to pay for healthcare expenses, but also the routine cost of living such as food, shelter, transportation, etc. If someone comes along and inappropriately manages what financial security they may have it can be a matter of life and death for the elderly individual.

Neglect is defined as “the failure by those responsible to provide food, shelter, health care, or protection for a vulnerable elder” (Miller, 2018). Neglect may be intentional or unintentional and includes not providing the basic necessities required for a person to live in comfort. Risk factors associated with neglect include the low income population, being in poor health and having inadequate social support. It may be challenging to stop neglect due to limited family resources, caregiver availability, cultural beliefs and the level of understanding by those who are expected to be caregivers. Some families may be limited financially and unable to afford healthcare and/or the appropriate supplies. They may also have a limited understanding of what they are supposed to do to provide the appropriate care for an elderly individual. We also do not all have the same standards when it comes to cleanliness and nutritional needs. Neglect is crucial because it determines if an elderly individual receives basic care needs. If the needs are neglected they may ultimately lead to larger problems and discomfort.

Advocating for the elderly can begin before they get into situations where they have little control. I think everyone should have a plan before they get to this point. An individual should have a durable/healthcare power of attorney, advanced directive, living will and a will/trust established. We should make it a priority to listen to elderly patients and ask questions. We may need assistance from services such as home health and social services. The family may need further education as to the needs of the patient. They family may need supplies and assistance with performing duties.

Miller, C. A. (2018). Nursing for Wellness in Older Adults (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

NSG 4067 Week 5 Discussion Sample Two

Psychological abuse entails cases where the caregiver humiliates and handles older people without respect. Notably, in most cases, this type of abuse is characterized by name-calling and harsh disregard for the older adult’s opinion. Abolishing this type of abuse is coupled with myriad challenges, including recognizing signs of occurrence since there is no physical evidence in most cases. Moreover, this abuse is mainly perpetrated by caregivers, and older people are likely to normalize it and might find it hard to report it. Although psychological maltreatment has detrimental effects, including instigating mental problems, WHO (2017) highlights it as the most under-registered form of elderly abuse.

Financial elder abuse occurs when an individual, primarily a family member, misappropriates the resources of older people or uses economic power to subdue older people. Unlike other forms of abuse, financial abuse is subtle, hard to notice, and thus challenging to abolish. Further, according to WHO (2017), curbing financial abuse is complicated because the perpetrators are closely attached to older people, such as caregivers or family members. In some cases, the older adult does not know about its occurrence; thus, no reporting occurs.

NSG 4067 Week 5 Discussion

Key Strategies to advocate and protect older people from psychological and financial abuse include encouraging the community members to help by heightening scrutiny for plausible abuse cases and reporting them to the authorities. As such, community members should be taught the signs manifest in psychological abuse, such as observing behavior changes in older people. In this case, increased fearfulness, uncommunicative tendencies, and isolation, among others, should be taken to signify the possibility of psychological abuse. On the other hand, Manifestations of financial abuse include massive withdraws from the elderly accounts and sudden issues of unpaid bills.

The community members should also be encouraged to observe behavioral change by the caregiver. In this regard, inhibiting visitors to older people and cases whereby the caregiver portrays indifference and heightened hostility to the elder, such as name-calling, should also warrant a report of possible elderly financial or psychological abuse. Further, I would encourage the need for the authorities and other agencies involved with older people to take any reported suspicion seriously and take immediate action to curtail the abuse and accrued effects on older people.

Reference

World Health Organization. (2017). Prevention of Elderly Abuse. WHO

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